Search results for " Pollution"

A DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO ASSESS HOW DECENTRALISATION POLICIES MAY REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM MINES IN ZAMBIA

The economics of pollution in general and pollution control in particular is a relatively new branch of economic science. This has brought about economic and social interest due to the fact that most of the pollution is caused by economic activity such as mining. Pollution from mining has become a world-wide problem. While environmental problems vary in detail, it is a fact that mining emits damaging pollutants, a reason this study was undertaken. As a result of this, threats to the environment and human health continue to escalate. This research aimed at investigating how a Dynamic Performance Management approach, through System Dynamics, may support policy-makers and public managers in im…

Tabaquismo activo y pasivo en personas adultas que viven con una pareja del mismo sexo en España

2018

Abstract Objective To assess the association between current active and passive tobacco smoking and living with a same-sex partner in Spain. Methods We analysed data from two cross-sectional national surveys of the Spanish population 15 years and older (2011-Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España and 2014-Encuesta Europea de Salud en España). Analyses included only people living with their partner. Associations were calculated using multiple logistic regressions adjusting for gender, social class and age. Results Current active and passive smoking were significantly associated with living with same sex partners (odds ratio: 2.71 and 2.88), and particularly strong among women. Conclusions Span…

Environmental reconstruction of Trapani saltmarsh (southwestern Sicily) during the last 80 years. An integrated approach by using benthic foraminifer…

2013

Exposure of heat-not-burn tobacco effect on the quality of air and expiratory plume

2021

Abstract The increasing interest to avoid the consumption of regular tobacco has lead in the development of several types of devices to decrease the effects of this practice on active and bystanders. In this work, the impact of the use of new heat-not-burn (HnB) devices has been evaluated and compared with that of regular cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). Portable monitoring devices were employed for CO, CO2, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to evaluate the quality of indoor air and expiratory plume of both, active and passive, users during these practices. It can be noticed that the levels of VOCs in active HnB smokers expiratory air are five times…

Splitting the data cache: a survey

2000

Recent cache-memory research has focused on approaches that split the first-level data cache into two independent subcaches. The authors introduce a methodology for helping cache designers devise splitting schemes and survey a representative set of the published cache schemes.

Lutter contre la pollution lumineuse

2019

La dégradation de l’obscurité sous l’effet des usages de lumière artificielle nocturne dans et aux abords des infrastructures humaines est appelée pollution lumineuse. Liée à l’urbanisation, cette pollution déborde les espaces urbains pour affecter les espaces ruraux et les aires protégées. La lutte contre la pollution lumineuse s’organise dans plusieurs pays, dans lesquels des territoires expérimentent des politiques environnementales de protection de l’obscurité. L’enjeu porte à la fois sur la préservation de la biodiversité et la transition énergétiques. En France, quelques territoires ruraux pionniers expérimentent des dispositifs intégrant ce double enjeu. Deux d’entre eux constituent …

Mechanisms for Translocation of Heavy Metals from Soil to Epigeal Mosses

2011

The mechanisms for translocation of heavy metals from soil to epigeal mosses were investigated. The first mechanism was demonstrated for (137)Cs and involved the uplifting of the pollutant-containing dust from the soil, followed by the local secondary deposition on surfaces of epigeal mosses and epiphytic lichens. The second mechanism involved the diffusion of metal cations from the soil through water wetting the moss into the gametophyte. The mechanism was demonstrated by measuring the electric conductance of wetted gametophytes with single ends immersed in solutions of Cu and Na salts. In addition, the concentrations of Cu and Cd were compared in moss samples exposed to the natural soil a…

An extra-urban soil cadastre for Italy: a first guide for the introduction of soil information

2020

Assuming a positive outcome of the parliamentary procedure for laws and, thus, the transformation of the official cadastre for buildings and land into a soil cadastre (urban, extra-urban and cadastre for the conservation of natural or semi-natural soil diversity) would start a new era for pedology. Finally, after many decades of activity to expand soil culture in Italy, almost all Italian families would be in contact with a soil specialist. Land use and redefined plots would be handled with greater care and responsibility. Experts in agricultural and forestry and biodiversity conservation would have a new impetus in their activity. Furthermore, economists will also have to address new issue…

Immobilised Humic Substances as Low-Cost Sorbents for Emerging Contaminants

2021

Environmental pollution with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is a worldwide problem that is receiving increasing attention. Although these substances have been released in the aquatic environment for a long time, wastewater treatment plants are still incapable of removing emerging contaminants completely. Consequently, trace metals, metalloids and pharmaceuticals, as well as surfactant leftovers, are often found in environmental samples. Environmentally friendly and cost-effective sorbents such as humic substances can be used for purification if their sorption properties are increased by immobilization. To our knowledge, immobilized humic substances have not been widely studied as s…

Estimation of alcohol consumption during >Fallas> festivity in the wastewater of Valencia city (Spain) using ethyl sulfate as a biomarker

2016

Alcohol consumption has been increasing in the last years and it has become a sociological problem due its derived health and safety problems. Ethyl sulfate is a secondary metabolite of the alcohol degradation that is excreted through the urine (0.010-0.016%) after alcohol ingestion and it is quite stable in water. In this study, a new methodology to determine ethyl sulfate by ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Different ion-pairs and additives were tested directly in the sample extracts or in the mobile phase. The best ion-pair was set up adding 0.5M of tributylamine and 0.1% of formic acid to the sample. The limit of quantification was 0.3μgL…