Search results for " Pollution"
showing 10 items of 1010 documents
The Management of Health Hazards Related to Municipal Solid Waste on Fire in Europe: An Environmental Justice Issue?
2020
Landfilling should be the last option in an integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management approach. In the European Union (EU), the policy framework to protect the environment and the public health against the impact of health hazards related to urban solid waste management has been consistently implemented in recent decades. A growing interest in the negative impact of fires in waste landfills on the environment and people’s health was reported in some European countries. In Italy, an increasing occurrence of arsons in MSW and landfills has been reported in recent years. During the summer of 2012, a multi-site arson occurred in the Palermo Municipal solid waste landfill of Bellolampo (…
Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
2021
Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global deaths per year in response to ambient air pollution and insufficient physical activity, respectively. While regular physical activity is well known to improve general health, it may also increase the uptake and deposit of air pollutants in the lungs/airways and circulation, due to increased breathing frequency and minute ventilation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, determi…
Air pollution and stroke. A new modifiable risk factor is in the air
2019
Abstract Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that outdoor air pollution is now a well-known major problem of public health, mainly in low and middle income countries. Contrasting with myocardial infarction , there are few data on the association of air pollution and stroke. Methods We propose a narrative literature review of the effects and the underlying biological mechanisms of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on stroke risk and mortality, using the following key-words: stroke, cerebrovascular events, ischemic and haemorrhage stroke, transient ischaemic attack , mortality, air pollution and air pollutants. Results Twenty-one papers were selected. Air poll…
280 Impact of ozone air pollution on ischemic cerebral and cardiac events in Dijon, France
2011
Background There is strong evidence that short-term exposure to ozone (O3) is associated with respiratory disease and death, but the effects of short-term exposure to ozone on ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease have not been clearly established. Methods Daily levels of urban O3 pollution, the incidence of first-ever, recurrent, fatal and non-fatal ischemic cerebro-vascular events (ICVE) and myocardial infarction (MI) were compared using a bi-directional case-crossover design analysis. We analysed 1 574 ICVE and 913 MI that occurred in Dijon, France from 2001 to 2007. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with an aerodiameter of 10μg/…
Transporta plūsmu kustības ātruma un strukturālo izmaiņu modelēšana Valdemāra ielas kanjona posmos
2015
Bakalaura darba ietvaros pētīta autotransporta radītā atmosfēras piesārņojuma izplatība Rīgā, Valdemāra ielas kanjonā. Kā indikators ietekmes novērtēšanai izmantotas slāpekļa dioksīda koncentrācijas, kuras cieši korelē ar transporta līdzekļu plūsmas intensitāti; bez tam regulāri tiek pārsniegti slāpekļa dioksīdam noteiktie stundas un gada normatīvi. Piesārņojuma izplatība novērtēta izmantojot matemātisko modelis OSPM, kurš speciāli izstrādāts transporta radītā piesārņojuma dispersijai un raksturošanai. Darbā aprakstīta transporta plūsmas dinamika dažādiem dienu profiliem un izveidota datu bāze modelēšanai, raksturota piesārņojuma problemātika ielu kanjonos, modelēšanas ceļā novērtēta apbūve…
Phase-selective low molecular weight organogelators derived from allylated D-mannose
2022
In the last decades, synthesis and design of low molecular weight organogelators has gained increasing attention due to their versatile use in, for example, cosmetics, biomedicine and oil spill remediation. In this work, three potential gelators have been prepared from allylated d-mannose. Both the gelators and the corresponding gels formed were thoroughly characterized by crystallography, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, rheometry and NMR spectroscopy, in solution and in solid state. The results showed that two of the compounds phase-selectively form gels with hydrocarbon solvents. The most promising gelator compound is alkene terminated, with the unsaturated end functionality not critical for gel …
Comparison of Exposure Techniques and Vitality Assessment of Mosses in Active Biomonitoring for Their Suitability in Assessing Heavy Metal Pollution …
2021
The most widespread and used technique is the moss-bag method in active biomonitoring of air pollution using mosses. In the literature, we can find various studies on the standardization of this method, including attempts to standardize treatments and preparation procedures for their universal application. Few works comprehensively focus on other methods or compare other techniques used in active biomonitoring with mosses, especially including measurements of their vital parameters. Our experiment aimed to assess air pollution by selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, and Hg) using three moss species (Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum fallax, and Dicranum polysetum) during a 12-week ex…
Dampness and student-reported social climate: two multilevel mediation models.
2021
Background Little previous research has analysed the relationship between schools' indoor air problems and schools' social climate. In this study, we analysed a) whether observed mould and dampness in a school building relates to students' perceptions of school climate (i.e. teacher-student relationships and class spirit) and b) whether reported subjective indoor air quality (IAQ) at the school level mediates this relationship. Methods The data analysed was created by merging two nationwide data sets: survey data from students, including information on subjective IAQ (N = 25,101 students), and data from schools, including information on mould and dampness in school buildings (N = 222). The …
Les impacts sanitaires de la lumière artificielle nocturne - Un état des lieux des connaissances et des hypothèses
2008
Face à la lumière artificielle nocturne (LAN - Light At Night - dans la littérature médicale), la recherche clinique n'en est qu'à ses prémices, dans une situation comparable à celle dans laquelle elle se trouvait face à la pollution par le bruit il y a une trentaine d'années. Pour autant, les scientifiques s'intéressent de plus en plus aux impacts que l'éclairage artificiel peut avoir sur la santé humaine par le biais d'un dérèglement des rythmes circadiens (d'environ 24 heures - du latin circa, environ, et dies, jour), cycles biologiques souvent " calés " sur l'alternance naturelle d'un jour et d'une nuit. Pour l'être humain, comme pour la plupart des espèces complexes, cette rythmicité j…
Elemental and microbiota content in indoor and outdoor air using recuperation unit filters
2021
Detection and quantification of engineered nanomaterials in environmental systems require precise knowledge of the elemental composition, association, and ratios in homologous natural nanomaterials (NNMs). Here, we characterized soil NNMs at the single particle level using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometer (SP-ICP-TOF-MS) in order to identify the elemental purity, composition, associations, and ratios within NNMs. Elements naturally present as a major constituent in NNMs such as Ti, and Fe occurred predominantly as pure/single metals, whereas elements naturally present at trace levels in NNMs occurred predominantly as impure/multi-metal NNMs such as…