Search results for " Populations"

showing 10 items of 173 documents

Microbial Community Structure and Density Under Different Tree Species in an Acid Forest Soil (Morvan, France)

2005

Overexploitation of forests to increase wood production has led to the replacement of native forest by large areas of monospecific tree plantations. In the present study, the effects of different monospecific tree cover plantations on density and composition of the indigenous soil microbial community are described. The experimental site of "Breuil-Chenue" in the Morvan (France) was the site of a comparison of a similar mineral soil under Norway spruce (Picea abies), Douglas fir (Pseudotuga menziesii), oak (Quercus sessiflora), and native forest [mixed stand dominated by oak and beech (Fagus sylvatica)]. Sampling was performed during winter (February) at three depths (0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm…

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer analysisSoil ScienceCHENE SESSILEStratification (vegetation)TreesDOUGLASSoilSpecies SpecificityFagus sylvaticaDNA Ribosomal SpacerHETRE COMMUNBiomassBeechSoil MicrobiologyEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsPrincipal Component AnalysisEPICEA COMMUNBiomass (ecology)BacteriaEcologybiologyEcologyFungiGenetic VariationPicea abiesForestryBiodiversitybiology.organism_classificationQUERCUS SESSIFLORACarbonFagaceae[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]Microbial population biology[SDE]Environmental SciencesFranceGENETIQUE DES POPULATIONSMicrobial Ecology
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Fonction et stabilité des réseaux de pollinisation et de la reproduction des plantes : impacts du paysage agricole

2021

National audience; Les interactions plantes-pollinisateurs, en conditionnant la reproduction sexuée de la majoritédes plantes à fleurs, sont essentielles tant au bien-être humain qu’au bon fonctionnement desécosystèmes. Pourtant, elles sont menacées par l’agriculture intensive et l’homogénéisation despaysages. La préservation en milieu agricole d’habitats favorables aux plantes sauvages et auxpollinisateurs, comme les bordures enherbées permanentes ou les bandes fleuries, pourraitpermettre de conserver les systèmes de pollinisation. Cette thèse associe l’écologie des réseauxet la génétique des populations pour évaluer l’influence de la composition du paysage agricole(habitats semi-naturels,…

[SDE] Environmental Sciencessuccès de reproduction des plantes sauvagesréseaux de pollinisationdynamique temporelle[SDE]Environmental Scienceshétérogénéité du paysage agricolegénétique des populations
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Eight microsatellite markers isolated from common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and cross-amplification with herbarium specimens

2009

 ; Eight microsatellite markers were developed for population genetic analyses of the common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Markers were tested for amplification with three populations (two recent populations from France and North America, and one historical population from herbarium specimens). These loci revealed a high level of genetic variability (5-19 alleles per locus; expected heterozygosity, 0.48-0.92). No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium were observed. The data thus demonstrate their utility as efficient genetic markers for determining the genetic diversity, population differentiation, and gene flow among invasive, native, and h…

[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environmentmicrosatelliteherbarium specimencommon ragweedpopulation geneticsGENETIQUE DES POPULATIONSancient DNA[ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environmentAmbrosia artemisiifolia
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Identification of Traits Implicated in the Rhizosphere Competence of Fluorescent Pseudomonads: Description of a Strategy Based on Population and Mode…

2009

E-book; International audience; The lack of consistency of the beneficial effects of inoculated fluorescent pseudomonads has often been related to their bad survival in the rhizosphere. In this review, we describe the strategy followed over the last decade to study traits involved in the rhizosphere competence of these bacteria. The diversity of indigenous populations associated with plant roots was first compared to that of populations associated with uncultivated soils in order to identify traits that discriminate these populations. The involvement of these bacterial traits in the rhizosphere competence was then assessed by comparing the competitiveness of a wild-type strain to that of mu…

[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciencesSiderophorePopulationDIVERSITYPopulation geneticsPseudomonas fluorescensMETABOLISM03 medical and health sciencesPSEUDONOMADSRELATION PLANTE-MICROORGANISMEeducationComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSPOPULATION030304 developmental biology2. Zero hungerGenetics0303 health sciencesRhizosphereeducation.field_of_study[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciencesbiology030306 microbiologyEcologyMODEL STRAINPseudomonasbiology.organism_classificationNatural population growthMUTANTGENETIQUE DES POPULATIONSAgronomy and Crop ScienceBacteria[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Symbiosis
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Fragmentation des habitats et interactions hôtes-parasites

2021

Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to global biodiversity and despite an abundant literature on the impact of fragmentation on species abundance and diversity, the consequences of this global change in terms of ecological and evolutionary processes remain poorly understood. Beyond their direct contribution to biodiversity, as species-rich category of organisms, parasites could be involved in biodiversity change as key actors of ecological and evolutionary processes. The present work aims to understand the effect of forest fragmentation on host-parasite interactions. It is based on a large sampling carried out in the Lesser Antilles and in French Guiana, and allowing the obtent…

[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciencesParasite prevalencePopulation geneticsApparent competitionLandscape structureCompétition apparenteStructure du paysageTropical forestGénétique des populationsEcological networksForêt tropicalePrévalence parasitaireRéseaux écologiques
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Adaptation à l'environnement : métabolisme et communication bactérienne

2010

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental SciencesBIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONShdr
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Analyse des réseaux trophiques et quantification des interactions

2017

Prod 2017-344e SPE équipe EA GESTAD INRA; National audience; L’importante littérature consacrée au sujet suggère une relation positive entre la biodiversité en milieu agricole et la fourniture de services écosystémiques, notamment le service de contrôle des ravageurs par leurs ennemis naturels. Cependant, cette relation n’est que statistique et de nombreux contre-exemples peuvent être trouvés. L’une des raisons principales de l’absence d’additivité des effets des ennemis naturels réside dans la complexité des réseaux d’interactions qui se mettent en place dans les communautés diversifiées. Ainsi, par exemple, des phénomènes de compétition, voire de prédation intra-guilde peuvent conduire à …

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental SciencesRéseaux trophiquesdynamique des populationsmachine learninganalyses moléculaires[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologycontrôle biologique
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Emerging mutualisms: fungal endophytes and their relationships with mycorrhizal fungi

2011

National audience; De nombreuses maladies émergentes apparaissent qui sont dues à des champignons, aussi bien chez les plantes, les animaux que chez l’homme. Il est donc important de comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine de ces maladies, et la biologie évolutive fournit un cadre théorique indispensable, en particulier pour comprendre l’adaptation des pathogènes aux nouveaux environnements ou aux nouveaux hôtes.

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental SciencesCONTEXTE EVOLUTIFETUDE GENOMIQUEGENETIQUE DES POPULATIONSMETA-ANALYSERELATION HOTE-PARASITE
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Do the high phenotypic plasticity of A. artemisiifolia L. explain its invasive success in France?

2008

International audience; Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) is an invasive annual plant introduced from North America to Europe over 100 years ago. This plant species is now widespread in numerous countries all over the world, causing damages to agricultural crops and human health. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is spreading as a weed in many field crops but is also able to invade a wide range of areas such as various human disturbed habitats or riverbanks (Figure 1). A considerable variability of the life history traits of A. artemisiifolia was previously observed among and within different populations (Fumanal et al., 2007). Since the success of colonization of some invasive plant species may r…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental SciencesfungiAGRICULTURAL CROPSINVASIVE POPULATIONS OF A. ARTEMISIIFOLIACOLONIZATION AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIAENVIRONMENTSADAPTATION OF POPULATIONS
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Quelle efficacité d’une gestion à une échelle paysagère large des abondances locales d’adventices? Une approche de modélisation à l’échelle du paysage

2019

Prod 2019-15n SPE GESTAD INRA; National audience; Compte tenu de la dispersion des graines à des échelles plus larges que la parcelle, prendre en compte l’échelle du paysage est un levier d’action potentiel pour une gestion durable de la flore adventice. A l’aide d’un modèle de dynamique spatiale des adventices, nous avons traité la question : est-il possible de réduire les abondances locales d’adventices dans les cultures annuelles en introduisant dans les paysages des prairies permanentes, habitats défavorables aux adventices annuelles. Dans les paysages avec beaucoup de prairies permanentes, les densités de graines dans les cultures annuelles étaient plus faibles que dans des paysages av…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental Sciencesherbicides[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental Sciencescultures annuelles[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologypaysages virtuels;dynamique de populations;cultures annuelles;rotation;labour;herbicidesrotationlabourdynamique de populations
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