Search results for " Preschool."
showing 10 items of 2092 documents
Localization of Congenital Tegmen Tympani Defects
2007
Objective: This study sets out to demonstrate the normal developmental steps of the tegmen tympani and thus explains the typical localization of congenital tegmental defects. Specimens: For this study, 79 macerated and formalin-fixed human temporal bones from 14th fetal week to adults were observed and prepared. Intervention: Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the prenatal and postnatal changes of the tegmen tympani during its development. Main Outcome Measure: Temporal bones from 14th fetal week to adults underwent descriptive anatomic studies to understand the normal development of the tegmen tympani and to find a possible cause of its congenital defects. Results: The medial part …
An evaluation of clinical, radiological and three-dimensional dental tomography findings in ectodermal dysplasia cases
2015
Background:This study aimed to review the results related to head and jaw disorders in cases of ectodermal dysplasia. The evaluation of ectodermal dysplasia cases was made by clincal examination and examination of the jaw and facial areas radiologically and on cone-beam 3-dimensional dental tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: In the 36 cases evaluated in the study, typical clinical findings of pure hypohidrotic ectodermal displasia (HED) were seen, such as missing teeth, dry skin, hair and nail disorders. CBCT images were obtained from 12 of the 36 cases, aged 1.5- 45 years, and orthodontic analyses were made on these images. Results: The clinical and radiological evaluations de…
The "exposome" concept - how environmental risk factors influence cardiovascular health.
2019
There is general consensus that environmental pollution and non-chemical stressors contribute to the incidence and prevalence of chronic noncommunicable disease (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic and mental). Clinical and epidemiological studies support that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and significantly contribute to overall mortality. In this respect, the “exposome” provides a comprehensive description of lifelong exposure history. A recent publication using an updated global exposure-mortality model found that the global all-cause mortality rate attributable to ambient air pollution by PM2.5 and O3 was 8.79 (95% CI 7.11–10.41) …
Concomitant dental injuries in maxillofacial fractures - a retrospective analysis of 1219 patients
2014
BACKGROUND/AIM: Traumatic dental injuries are frequently combined with maxillofacial fractures, but literature addressing this topic is rare. In a retrospective study, the frequency of dental lesions in inpatients with traumatic facial injuries was analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz for inpatient treatment due to facial fractures between January 2001 and December 2007 were analyzed regarding the type of fracture, its localization, and potential concomitant dental injuries. In addition a systematic review was performed to compare the findings of t…
Relationship Between the Linguistic Environments and Early Bilingual Language Development of Hearing Children in Deaf-parented Families
2013
We explored variation in the linguistic environments of hearing children of Deaf parents and how it was associated with their early bilingual language development. For that purpose we followed up the children's productive vocabulary (measured with the MCDI; MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory) and syntactic complexity (measured with the MLU10; mean length of the 10 longest utterances the child produced during videorecorded play sessions) in both Finnish Sign Language and spoken Finnish between the ages of 12 and 30 months. Additionally, we developed new methodology for describing the linguistic environments of the children (N = 10). Large variation was uncovered in both the amount…
Alternative lengthening of telomeres--an enhanced chromosomal instability in aggressive non-MYCN amplified and telomere elongated neuroblastomas
2010
Telomere length alterations are known to cause genomic instability and influence clinical course in several tumor types, but have been little investigated in neuroblastoma (NB), one of the most common childhood tumors. In the present study, telomere-dependent chromosomal instability and telomere length were determined in six NB cell lines and fifty tumor biopsies. The alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway was assayed by scoring ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies (APBs). We found a reduced probability of overall survival for tumors with increased telomere length compared to cases with reduced or unchanged telomere length. In non-MYCN amplified tumors, a reduced o…
Measuring the burden of disease and injury in Spain using disability-adjusted life years: An updated and policy-oriented overview
2011
Summary Objective To provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the burden of disease in Spain for 2008. Implications for public health policies are discussed. Study design Cross-sectional population-based study. Methods Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated at country level using the methodology developed in the Global Burden of Disease study. DALYs were divided into years of life lost and years of life lived with disability. Results were obtained using Spanish mortality data for 2008 and morbidity data estimated previously by the World Health Organization for Euro-A. Results In 2008, DALYs lost due to all diseases and injuries were estimated at 5.1 million. Non-comm…
Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sicily: A population based study
2012
Our objective was to investigate incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Sicily, southern Italy, by means of a population based study. We included people with ALS resident in fi ve Sicilian provinces, whose onset occurred in the two-year period 2005 2006 (population at 31 December 2006: 3,481,096 inhabitants). A multisource case-fi nding procedure was adopted and patients were classifi ed as affected by ALS according to revised El Escorial criteria. During the two-year surveillance period, 97 patients meeting eligibility criteria included 57 males (58.8%) and 40 females (41.2%). Crude annual incidence rate was 1.4/100,000 person years (95% CI 1.33 1.47). The incidence rate was h…
Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study…
2022
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–4…
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in dermatological patients in west Sicily: a seroepidemiological study
2002
Objectives To evaluate the relative frequencies and molecular epidemiological features of viral hepatitis types B and C in dermatological patients in our geographical area. Methods We determined the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in a cohort of 677 dermatological patients admitted to the Department of Dermatology of Palermo. An 8-mL blood sample was taken from all subjects. The following assays were used: HBsAg, anti-HB core (antigen) (anti-HBc), anti-HB surface (antigen) (anti-HBs), anti-HB early (antigen) (anti-Hbe) and anti-HCV antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results One hundred and eigh…