Search results for " Probability"

Statistical methods for spatial cluster detection in childhood cancer incidence : A simulation study

2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The potential existence of spatial clusters in childhood cancer incidence is a debated topic. Identification of such clusters may help to better understand etiology and develop preventive strategies. We evaluated widely used statistical approaches to cluster detection in this context.; METHODS: Incidence of newly diagnosed childhood cancer (140/1,000,000 children under 15 years) and nephroblastoma (7/1,000,000) was simulated. Clusters of defined size (1-50) were randomly assembled on the district level in Germany. Each cluster was simulated with different relative risk levels (1-100). For each combination 2000 iterations were done. Simulated data was then analyzed …

A Novel Radiotherapeutic Approach to Treat Bulky Metastases Even From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Its Rationale and a Look at the Reliability …

2022

IntroductionMetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a very rare condition. The lack of definition of an oligometastatic subgroup means that there is no consensus for its treatment, unlike the mucosal head and neck counterpart. Like the latter, the cutaneous form is able to develop bulky tumor masses. When this happens, the classic care approach is just for palliative intent due to a likely unfavorable benefit–risk balance typical of aggressive treatments. Here we proposed a novel radiotherapy (RT) technique to treat bulky metastases from cSCC in the context of an overall limited tumor burden and tried to explain its clinical outcome by the currently available mathematical rad…

Evaluación de las tarifas de las pensiones de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales (2011-2015)

2017

Este trabajo analiza si las tarifas que se aplican para la determinación del denominado capital coste de pensiones derivadas de los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales son las adecuadas. A partir de los datos de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales y de la evolución de la longevidad de la población general en España, se estiman tablas de mortalidad para las contingencias de viudedad e invalidez que, combinadas con los parámetros económicos y financieros apropiados, permiten construir las bases técnicas actuarialmente justas para cada uno de los años objeto de análisis. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las tarifas aplicadas en el periodo 2011- 2014 han sido muy superior…

Direct antiviral agents and risk of HCC: Waiting for Godot.

2018

Kinetic models for nucleocytoplasmic transport of messenger RNA

1995

Abstract Much is known about the mechanism by which mRNAs cross the nuclear envelope (the translocation stage of nucleocytoplasmic transport), but far less is known about the preceding (intranuclear migration/release) and succeeding (cytoplasmic binding) stages. Therefore, existing information suffices for articulating detailed kinetic models of translocation, but not models for the overall mRNA transport process. In this paper, we show that simple kinetic models of translocation can (i) accommodate date about nucleocytoplasmic distributions of endogenous transcripts; (ii) predict the overall effects on these distributions of effectors such as insulin and epidermal growth factor; (iii) thro…

Probability of hysterectomy in Germany

2018

Introduction Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery in many industrialized countries. In Germany, the hysterectomy rate is high in comparison to other European countries. The aim of this analysis was to determine the distribution of age at hysterectomy as well as the age-specific probability of undergoing a hysterectomy between the ages of 0–64 in the German female population. Methods Analyses were based on data from the MARZY study, a prospective, randomized, population-based cohort study investigating early detection of cervical cancer in western Germany. At baseline, 6429 women were invited to attend cervical cancer screening. The distribution of age at hysterectomy as wel…

Aggregate Behavior and Microdata

2004

Abstract It is shown how one can effectively use microdata in modelling the change over time in an aggregate (e.g. mean consumption expenditure) of a large and heterogeneous population. The starting point of our aggregation analysis is a specification of explanatory variables on the micro-level. Typically, some of these explanatory variables are observable and others are unobservable. Based on certain hypotheses on the evolution over time of the joint distributions across the population of these explanatory variables we derive a decomposition of the change in the aggregate which allows a partial analysis: to isolate and to quantify the effect of a change in the observable explanatory variab…

An Adaptive Combination of Dark and Bright Channel Priors for Single Image Dehazing

2017

Dehazing methods based on prior assumptions derived from statistical image properties fail when these properties do not hold. This is most likely to happen when the scene contains large bright areas, such as snow and sky, due to the ambiguity between the airlight and the depth information. This is the case for the popular dehazing method Dark Channel Prior. In order to improve its performance, the authors propose to combine it with the recent multiscale STRESS, which serves to estimate Bright Channel Prior. Visual and quantitative evaluations show that this method outperforms Dark Channel Prior and competes with the most robust dehazing methods, since it separates bright and dark areas and …

On the use of fractional calculus for the probabilistic characterization of random variables

2009

In this paper, the classical problem of the probabilistic characterization of a random variable is re-examined. A random variable is usually described by the probability density function (PDF) or by its Fourier transform, namely the characteristic function (CF). The CF can be further expressed by a Taylor series involving the moments of the random variable. However, in some circumstances, the moments do not exist and the Taylor expansion of the CF is useless. This happens for example in the case of $\alpha$--stable random variables. Here, the problem of representing the CF or the PDF of random variables (r.vs) is examined by introducing fractional calculus. Two very remarkable results are o…

Path integral solution for non-linear system enforced by Poisson White Noise

2008

Abstract In this paper the response in terms of probability density function of non-linear systems under Poisson White Noise is considered. The problem is handled via path integral (PI) solution that may be considered as a step-by-step solution technique in terms of probability density function. First the extension of the PI to the case of Poisson White Noise is derived, then it is shown that at the limit when the time step becomes an infinitesimal quantity the Kolmogorov–Feller (K–F) equation is fully restored enforcing the validity of the approximations made in obtaining the conditional probability appearing in the Chapman Kolmogorov equation (starting point of the PI). Spectral counterpa…