Search results for " Probability"

Logical Conditions for Coherent Qualitative and Numerical Probability Assessments

2003

Application of Inverse-Probability-of-Treatment Weighting to Estimate the Effect of Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive sleep apnea patients

2022

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is considered effective in reducing daytime sleepiness. Its efficacy relies on adequate adherence, often defined as >4 hours per night. However, this binary threshold may limit our understanding of the causal effect of CPAP adherence and daytime sleepiness and multilevel approach for CPAP adherence can be more appropriate.

Entropy, Benford’s first digit law, and the distribution of everything

2010

Dynamic network identification from non-stationary vector autoregressive time series

2018

Learning the dynamics of complex systems features a large number of applications in data science. Graph-based modeling and inference underpins the most prominent family of approaches to learn complex dynamics due to their ability to capture the intrinsic sparsity of direct interactions in such systems. They also provide the user with interpretable graphs that unveil behavioral patterns and changes. To cope with the time-varying nature of interactions, this paper develops an estimation criterion and a solver to learn the parameters of a time-varying vector autoregressive model supported on a network of time series. The notion of local breakpoint is proposed to accommodate changes at individu…

Rapid parameter estimation of discrete decaying signals using autoencoder networks

2021

Machine learning: science and technology 2(4), 045024 (2021). doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ac1eea

Synergistic integration of optical and microwave satellite data for crop yield estimation

2019

Developing accurate models of crop stress, phenology and productivity is of paramount importance, given the increasing need of food. Earth observation (EO) remote sensing data provides a unique source of information to monitor crops in a temporally resolved and spatially explicit way. In this study, we propose the combination of multisensor (optical and microwave) remote sensing data for crop yield estimation and forecasting using two novel approaches. We first propose the lag between Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS and Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) derived from SMAP as a new joint metric combining the information from the two satellite sensors in a unique feature or des…

Performance Analysis of Cooperative V2V and V2I Communications Under Correlated Fading

2019

Cooperative vehicular networks will play a vital role in the coming years to implement various intelligent transportation-related applications. Both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications will be needed to reliably disseminate information in a vehicular network. In this regard, a roadside unit (RSU) equipped with multiple antennas can improve the network capacity. While the traditional approaches assume antennas to experience independent fading, we consider a more practical uplink scenario where antennas at the RSU experience correlated fading. In particular, we evaluate the packet error probability for two renowned antenna correlation models, i.e., cons…

Methods of spatial cluster detection in rare childhood cancers: Benchmarking data and results from a simulation study on nephroblastoma

2021

Abstract The potential existence of spatial clusters in childhood cancer incidence is a debated topic. Identification of rare disease clusters in general may help to better understand disease etiology and develop preventive strategies against such entities. The incidence of newly diagnosed childhood malignancies under 15 years of age is 140/1,000,000. In this context, the subgroup of nephroblastoma represents an extremely rare entity with an annual incidence of 7/1,000,000. We evaluated widely used statistical approaches for spatial cluster detection in childhood cancer (Ref. [22] Schundeln et al., 2021, Cancer Epidemiology). For the simulation study, random high risk clusters of 1 to 50 ad…

StalAge – An algorithm designed for construction of speleothem age models

2011

Abstract Here we present a new algorithm ( StalAge ), which is designed to construct speleothem age models. The algorithm uses U-series ages and their corresponding age uncertainty for modelling and also includes stratigraphic information in order to further constrain and improve the age model. StalAge is applicable to problematic datasets that include outliers, age inversions, hiatuses and large changes in growth rate. Manual selection of potentially inaccurate ages prior to application is not required. StalAge can be applied by the general, non-expert user and has no adjustable free parameters. This offers the highest degree of reproducibility and comparability of speleothem records from …

Modeling joint and marginal distributions in the analysis of categorical panel data

2001

This article presents a unifying approach to the analysis of repeated univariate categorical (ordered) responses based on the application of the generalized log-linear modeling framework proposed by Lang and Agresti. It is shown that three important research questions in longitudinal studies can be addressed simultaneously. These questions are the following: What is the overall dependence structure of the repeated responses? What is the structure of the change between consecutive time points? and What is the structure of the change in the marginal distributions? Each of these questions involves specifying log-linear models for different marginal distributions of the multiway cross classifi…