Search results for " Process"

showing 10 items of 17204 documents

Estimation of ADME Properties in Drug Discovery: Predicting Caco-2 Cell Permeability Using Atom-Based Stochastic and Non-stochastic Linear Indices

2007

The in vitro determination of the permeability through cultured Caco-2 cells is the most often-used in vitro model for drug absorption. In this report, we use the largest data set of measured P(Caco-2), consisting of 157 structurally diverse compounds. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to obtain quantitative models that discriminate higher absorption compounds from those with moderate-poorer absorption. The best LDA model has an accuracy of 90.58% and 84.21% for training and test set. The percentage of good correlation, in the virtual screening of 241 drugs with the reported values of the percentage of human intestinal absorption (HIA), was greater than 81%. In addition, multiple …

Absorption (pharmacology)Stochastic ProcessesVirtual screeningQuantitative structure–activity relationshipDrug discoveryStereochemistryLinear modelQuantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipPharmaceutical ScienceLinear discriminant analysisPermeabilityData setROC CurveDrug DesignTest setLinear regressionLinear ModelsHumansPharmacokineticsCaco-2 CellsBiological systemADMEMathematicsJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Light-induced transmission nonlinearities in gallium selenide

1999

The intensity of a He–Ne laser (633 nm, 5 mW) transmitted by different GaSe samples is observed to change in correlation with a Nd-yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser pulse (532 nm, 7.8 ns, 3 mJ) which excites them. Such time response has been attributed to a nonlinear optical effect, i.e., a decrease in the refractive index due to the exciton screening by the photogenerated carriers. A calculation of the absorption coefficient and refractive index at different carrier concentrations has led to a reconstruction of transmittance transients which fully agree with the experimental data at different incident intensities and temperatures. Chantal.Ferrer@uv.es ; Jaqueline.Bouvier@uv.es ; Miguel.Andres@…

Absorption coefficientsNonlinear opticsExcitonRefractive indexGeneral Physics and AstronomyIII-VI semiconductorsGallium compounds ; III-VI semiconductors ; Nonlinear optics ; Light transmission ; Refractive index ; Excitons ; Absorption coefficients ; Carrier densitylaw.inventionOpticslaw:FÍSICA [UNESCO]TransmittancePulse (signal processing)business.industryChemistryGallium compoundsUNESCO::FÍSICANonlinear opticsLaserIntensity (physics)Attenuation coefficientLight transmissionOptoelectronicsExcitonsCarrier densitybusinessRefractive index
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The role of Fe and Cu dopants in electron–hole trapping and relaxation process in congruent LiNbO3

2003

Abstract The transient optical absorption and kinetics of absorption decay is studied in undoped, Fe doped, and Cu doped LiNbO 3 crystals irradiated by pulsed electron beam. The 1.6 eV band of electron polaron trapped at antisite niobium was observed in all crystal samples. The nature of centers responsible for transient absorption is discussed. Electron polarons are shown to be less stable in LiNbO 3 :Fe compared with LiNbO 3 :Cu and undoped LiNbO 3 . It is suggested that a major part of electrons and holes created by irradiation are trapped in the vicinity of dopants.

Absorption spectroscopyCondensed matter physicsDopantChemistryOrganic ChemistryElectron holeElectronPolaronAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsInorganic ChemistryCrystalElectron beam processingElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)SpectroscopyOptical Materials
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L'abuso del processo: una ricerca comparatistica

2014

Abuse of process, and related expressions, such as abuse of procedural rights, have in relatively recent times become part of the legal language of continental countries, such as Italy. But, since the introduction of the use of the concept, it has increasingly been an object and aim of several doctrinal contributions, which are here scrutinized. The essay concentrates upon the evolution of legal proceedings amounting to abuse of process, according to the definition which bases itself on the unfair and inadequate use of the process for purposes profoundly differing from those typical of the individual right to the access of justice. Initially, it was the state, when prosecuting a defendant f…

Abuso del Processo
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Integrating the Real and Virtual World for Academic Language Education in Second Life

2013

This chapter focuses on a Second Language Acquisition (SLA) study conducted in virtual worlds that could help teachers in terms of knowledge about acquisition processes, in which technology is integration between formal and non formal education. The research comprises of two studies strongly focused on the development of Italian oral language proficiency. It was held within Second Life® (SL™)1 in order to explore the affordances of public spaces to enhance Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC)2 and to stimulate the oral production through learner’s engagement. Since 2007, a new pilot project, Café Italia, was developed by Carmela Dell’Aria (aka Misy Ferraris) in Second Life®. Startin…

Academic languageMultimediaVirtual worldComputer sciencerole-play ICC scial constructivist learning process Drama SLA foreign language prosodic approach virtual worlds second lifeMathematics educationcomputer.software_genrecomputerSettore L-LIN/01 - Glottologia E Linguistica
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Energy analysis of a non-linear dynamic impact using FEM

2014

In the car industry, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is being more and more used to analyze the crashworthiness performance of vehicles. In order to validate the results, these impact simulations are normally compared with real crash footage and acceleration data. This paper studies the deformation- and energy output of a simple dummy model during a non-linear dynamic impact. The dummy model is crashed into an obstacle at three different velocities to observe the energy dissipated through different damping mechanisms. Furthermore, in impact simulations, material damping plays an important role in energy dissipation. However, it can be difficult to determine realistic damping parameter value…

AccelerationEngineeringWork (thermodynamics)business.industryObstacleCrashworthinessStructural engineeringDissipationDeformation (meteorology)businessEnergy (signal processing)Finite element methodProceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation
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Prognosi sulla sussistenza di una causa di non punibilità e giudizio di proporzionalità della misura cautelare

2020

Analisi critica della decisione di legittimità (Cass., sez. V, 3 marzo 2020, n. 11957) che ha ancorato ad un alto standard di garanzia il parametro di «probabilità della sussistenza della condizione di non punibilità» e, contestualmente, di accedere alla lettura più rigoristica dell'accertamento cautelare, sancendo un ulteriore avvicinamento fra i criteri di valutazione probatoria della fase cautelare e quelli relativi al giudizio di merito. Soluzione, questa, che se da un canto può rappresentare una garanzia di maggiore realizzazione della presunzione di innocenza, limitando al massimo i possibili rischi di una restrizione per l'imputato che poi non subirà la pena dall'altro canto, rischia…

Accertamento cautelareSettore IUS/16 - Diritto Processuale PenalePrognosi di sussistenza della condizione di non punibilitàElevato grado di probabilità.
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MDP-Based Resource Allocation Scheme Towards a Vehicular Fog Computing with Energy Constraints

2018

As mobile applications deliver increasingly complex functionalities, the demands for even more intensive computation would quickly transcend energy capability of mobile devices. On one hand and in an attempt to address such issues, fog computing paradigm is introduced to mitigate the limited energy and computation resources available within constrained mobile devices, by moving computation resources closer to their users at the edge of the access network. On another hand, most of electric vehicles (EVs), with increasing computation, storage and energy capabilities, spend more than 90% of time on parking lots. In this paper, we conceive the basic idea of using the underutilized computation r…

Access network0203 mechanical engineeringComputer scienceDistributed computing020208 electrical & electronic engineering0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringResource allocation020302 automobile design & engineering02 engineering and technologyEnhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionMarkov decision processMobile device2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)
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Spectral and timing properties of IGR J00291+5934 during its 2015 outburst

2016

We report on the spectral and timing properties of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J00291+5934 observed by XMM-Newton and NuSTAR during its 2015 outburst. The source is in a hard state dominated at high energies by a comptonization of soft photons ($\sim0.9$ keV) by an electron population with kT$_e\sim30$ keV, and at lower energies by a blackbody component with kT$\sim0.5$ keV. A moderately broad, neutral Fe emission line and four narrow absorption lines are also found. By investigating the pulse phase evolution, we derived the best-fitting orbital solution for the 2015 outburst. Comparing the updated ephemeris with those of the previous outbursts, we set a $3��$ confidence leve…

AccretionAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysics01 natural sciencesPulsar0103 physical sciencesneutron; X-rays: binaries; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science [Accretion; Accretion discs; Stars]Emission spectrumSpectroscopy010303 astronomy & astrophysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)PhysicsAccretion (meteorology)010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstronomy and AstrophysicOrbital periodX-rays: binarieStars: neutronNeutron starAmplitude13. Climate actionSpace and Planetary ScienceAccretion discAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaEnergy (signal processing)Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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INTEGRAL observations of the peculiar BeX System SAX J2103.5+4545

2004

We present an INTEGRAL data analysis of the X-ray transient \object{SAX J2103.5+4545} during two outbursts detected in December 2002. The INTEGRAL coordinates and error circle agree with the position of the recently proposed optical counterpart. A power-law plus cut-off model provided a good fit to the 4-150 keV spectrum yielding a photon index of 1.0+-0.1, a cut-off energy E_cut=7.6+-2.0 keV and a folding energy E_fold=30.9+-2.5 keV. The X-ray luminosity in the 4-150 keV energy range was found to be 6.0x10^36 erg/s, assuming a distance of 6.5 kpc. This luminosity, together with the derived photon index, indicate that the source is in a bright state. A 354.9$+-0.5 second pulse period is mea…

AccretionPhotonAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesValue (computer science)AstrophysicsUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICAAstrophysicsLuminosityPulse periodPosition (vector)X-raysBright statePhysicsRange (particle radiation)Astrophysics (astro-ph)BinariesSAX J2103.5+4545 [Pulsars]BeAstronomy and Astrophysics:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia [UNESCO]Space and Planetary ScienceAccretion disksUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogoniaEmission-lineAccretion ; Accretion disks ; Binaries ; Emission-line ; Be ; Pulsars : SAX J2103.5+4545 ; X-rays ; Binaries:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA [UNESCO]Energy (signal processing)Astronomy & Astrophysics
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