Search results for " Production"

Radiance-based NIRv as a proxy for GPP of corn and soybean

2020

Abstract Substantial uncertainty exists in daily and sub-daily gross primary production (GPP) estimation, which dampens accurate monitoring of the global carbon cycle. Here we find that near-infrared radiance of vegetation (NIRv,Rad), defined as the product of observed NIR radiance and normalized difference vegetation index, can accurately estimate corn and soybean GPP at daily and half-hourly time scales, benchmarked with multi-year tower-based GPP at three sites with different environmental and irrigation conditions. Overall, NIRv,Rad explains 84% and 78% variations of half-hourly GPP for corn and soybean, respectively, outperforming NIR reflectance of vegetation (NIRv,Ref), enhanced vege…

Prediction of Soil Formation as a Function of Age Using the Percolation Theory Approach

2018

Recent modeling and comparison with field results showed that soil formation by chemical weathering, either from bedrock or unconsolidated material, is limited largely by solute transport. Chemical weathering rates are proportional to solute velocities. Nonreactive solute transport described by non-Gaussian transport theory appears compatible with soil formation rates. This change in understanding opens new possibilities for predicting soil production and depth across orders of magnitude of time scales. Percolation theory for modeling the evolution of soil depth and production was applied to new and published data for alpine and Mediterranean soils. The first goal was to check whether the e…

Ceramic raw materials: how to recognize them and locate the supply basins—mineralogy, petrography

2020

This tutorial paper is focused on the mineralogical-petrographic characterization of clayey raw materials with the purpose of sourcing supply basins and answering questions about the provenance of the corresponding archaeological ceramic artefacts. The first part gives general indications of how to profitably study archaeological ceramic thin sections through the polarizing microscope. Brief notes are provided on the theoretical basis of optical microscopy. A scheme is then provided for the petrographic description of ceramic samples, concerning the textural and compositional characteristics of aplastic inclusions and groundmass. Suggestions are also given for identifying any minero-petrogr…

Introduction. Leave no stone unturned: Perspectives on ground stone artefact research

2016

Ground stone tools served in many physical and social contexts through millennia, reflecting a wide variety of functions. Although ground stone tool studies were neglected for much of early archaeology, the last few decades witnessed a notable international uptick in the way archaeologists confront this multifaceted topic. Today, with the advance of archaeology as a discipline, research into ground stone artefacts is moving into a new phase that integrates high resolution documentation with new methodological, analytical techniques, and technological approaches. These open new vistas for an array of studies and wide-ranging interpretive endeavours related to understanding ground stone tool …

The Valanginian isotope event: a complex suite of palaeoenvironmental perturbations.

2011

17 pages; International audience; The Valanginian records a severe crisis of carbonate systems, both on platforms and in the pelagic realm. This crisis is roughly concomitant with the Weissert Event, characterized by a positive δ13C excursion of about 2‰in marine carbonates. However, it is unclear if the response of these two carbonate systems to the global perturbations is contemporaneous, or if they react differently. For this purpose, accumulation rates of pelagic carbonates produced by nannofossils and of platform-derived carbonates have been quantified in a hemipelagic environment (the Vocontian Basin, SE France) that has the potential to record the reaction of both shallow-water and p…

The influence of lipid content and taxonomic affiliation on methane and carbon dioxide production from phytoplankton biomass in lake sediment

2021

Carbon sequestration potential of Italian orchards and vineyards

2017

From 2004 to 2012 carbon (C) fluxes between the soil-vegetation system and the atmosphere in apple, grape, olive and orange orchards planted in different Italian regions were measured. Above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) ranged from 4 (olive) to 9 (apple) Mg C ha-1. Alley grass contribution to total ANPP significantly varied among the systems, reaching a maximum of 60% in vineyards. The harvest index ranged from 46% for apple, to 58% for orange, 60% for grape and 41% for olive, while abscised leaves accounted for 30% of ANPP, on average. Soil respiration fluxes ranged from 6 (orange) to 10 (grape) Mg C ha-1. Results indicate the potential of these fruit crop to sequester atmospheri…

Patterns Comparison Between Gome-2 Sun-Induced Fluorescence and Msg Gross Primary Production

2018

A comparison between maximum monthly MSG gross primary production (GPP) estimates with the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) product from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) over Europe and Africa is presented as an indirect validation of MSG GPP estimates. The maximum daily GPP value for each month is derived from daily MSG GPP, which takes full advantage of the SEVIRI/MSG products from the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) delivered by the Satellite Application Facility for Land Surface Analysis (LSA SAF). A linear relationship found between both products over savanna, grasslands and forests at high latitudes evidence…

More is more? : Forest management allocation at different spatial scales to mitigate conflicts between ecosystem services

2017

Context: Multi-objective management can mitigate conflicts among land-use objectives. However, the effectiveness of a multi-objective solution depends on the spatial scale at which land-use is optimized. This is because the ecological variation within the planning region influences the potential for site-specific prioritization according to the different objectives. Objectives: We optimized the allocation of forest management strategies to maximize the joint production of two conflicting objectives, timber production and carbon storage, at increasing spatial scales. We examined the impacts of the extent of the planning region on the severity of the conflict, the potential for its mitigation…

Conflicting objectives in production forests pose a challenge for forest management

2017

Conflicts among different ecosystem services have been shown to be common and potentially exacerbated by management interventions. In order to improve the sustainability of natural resource use, the occurrence of these conflicts and the effects that management actions have on them need to be understood. We studied the conflicts between ecosystem services and the potential to solve them by management choices in boreal production forests. Our study area consisted of nearly 30,000 forest stands which were simulated for 50 years into the future under alternative management scenarios. The study included four ecosystem services – timber production, bilberry production, carbon storage, and pest re…