Search results for " Program"
showing 10 items of 3075 documents
Connections Between Single-Level and Bilevel Multiobjective Optimization
2011
The relationship between bilevel optimization and multiobjective optimization has been studied by several authors and there have been repeated attempts to establish a link between the two. We unify the results from the literature and generalize them for bilevel multiobjective optimization. We formulate sufficient conditions for an arbitrary binary relation to guarantee equality between the efficient set produced by the relation and the set of optimal solutions to a bilevel problem. In addition, we present specially structured bilevel multiobjective optimization problems motivated by real-life applications and an accompanying binary relation permitting their reduction to single-level multiob…
Lineārās programmēšanas uzdevums kā nodarbību saraksta izveides modelis
2018
Šajā darbā aplūkota universitātes lekciju saraksta veidošanas problēma. Lekciju plānošana ir izplatīts uzdevums vispārizglītojošajās skolās un universitātēs. Šajā darbā tiek piedāvāta vispārīga pieeja universitātes lekciju saraksta veidošana. Modeļa pamatā ir binārie mainīgie, ar kuru palīdzību veido sarežģītu nosacījumu sistēmu, lai aprakstītu nodarbību saraksta veidošanas principus un konkrētajā mācību iestādē eksistējošus ierobežojumus.
Chemical Ecology of Insect Parasitoids: Essential Elements for Developing Effective Biological Control Programmes
2013
Insect parasitoids can find their hosts in complex environments and reproduce through a series of behavioural steps which are regulated mainly by chemical cues, termed semiochemicals. According to functional criteria, stimuli can be classified into four main categories: (A) cues coming from the habitat, the host microhabitat or the food plant, (B) direct host‐related cues, (C) indirect host‐related cues, and (D) cues coming from the parasitoid itself. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the semiochemicals used by parasitoids to locate their hosts. Several studies provided interesting prospective for manipulating foraging behaviour of parasitoids in order to i…
Refined Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Doping Survey Among Recreational Triathletes: Support for the Nutritional Supplement Gateway Hypothesis
2020
Introduction: The current literature provides no consensus that nutritional supplements (NS) may provide a gateway to doping. In particular, studies in recreational athletes are lacking. Within a previous cross-sectional empirical study, our group provided first evidence that the use of NS may provide a gateway for the use of doping substances in recreational triathletes. For the present paper, we refine the analysis of the triathletes’ survey in order to provide evidence for a NS gateway hypothesis in recreational athletes. Methods: A self-report, paper-and-pencil questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 2,997 competitive ironman and half-ironman (n = 1,076; 36.1%) triathletes. The ran…
Ploidy manipulation for genetic improvement in some Mediterranean fruit crops
2017
Plant breeding is focused on selection of new genotypes with improved traits. Conventional methods based on hybridization and those based on biotechnology (somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, ploidy manipulation, etc.) are used to create novel genetic variations. Biotechnology provides powerful tools for plant breeding, for instance, haploid technology allows achievement of homozygous lines from heterozygous parents in one step, which reduces significantly the time required by conventional methods. Concerning woody species, characterized by self-incompatibility, long juvenile period and high degree of heterozygosity, this technique is the only way to get homozygous lines. Haploid…
Model transformation language MOLA
2005
The paper describes a new graphical model transformation language MOLA. The basic idea of MOLA is to merge traditional structured programming as a control structure with pattern-based transformation rules. The key language element is a graphical loop concept. The main goal of MOLA is to describe model transformations in a natural and easy readable way.
Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a pold…
2011
Within the scope of the Integrated Rhine Program an ecological flood gate and channel was inserted into the polder “Ingelheim” to enhance animal and plant diversity. In 2008, carabid beetles and springtails were collected, using pitfall traps, to measure the effects of ecological flooding and a strong precipitation event at a flood-disturbed and a dry location in this area. At both localities, xerophilic and mesophilic carabid beetle species were dominant throughout the study period. The total number of individuals of hygrophilic species was comparatively constant, while species number increased, partly due to the changed moisture conditions caused by ecological flooding and str…
Artalbic acid, a sesquiterpene with an unusual skeleton from Artemisia alba (Asteraceae) from Sicily
2011
Abstract From the aerial parts of Artemisia alba (Asteraceae) artalbic acid ( 1 ), a sesquiterpene with an unusual skeleton, was isolated. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive proton, 13 C and two-dimensional NMR experiments, as well as by transformation in its methyl ester derivative.
ANALISI DELLA RISPOSTA DEL BIOMONITORAGGIO DI METALLI IN TRACCIA MEDIANTE L’UTILIZZO DI LICHENI IN CAMPAGNE DI STUDIO CONDOTTE IN CONDIZIONI CLIMATIC…
2007
The results of a biomonitoring surveys carried on in Palermo using the accumulation of heavy metals in lichens, thalli of Xanthoria s.l. as indicators of air pollution are reported in this work. Beginning from the data of 38 simple sites shed on Palermo’s territory, has been developed a study of the air pollution in the centre of the town, the target of this work is to know the existing relationship between the concentration of heavy metals study area and the possible pollution sources as industry, shipyards, vehicles etc. In order to recuperate most information of the territory, the development of this work has been carried on with a new technology for the data management: the GIS (Geograp…