Search results for " Programming"
showing 10 items of 1616 documents
Identification of efficient equilibria in multiproduct trading with indivisibilities and non-monotonicity
2018
Abstract This paper focuses on multiproduct trading with indivisibilities and where a representative agent may have non-monotonic preferences. In this framework, the set of firms’ profits (which comes from efficient subgame perfect Nash equilibria) is the Pareto frontier of some projection of the core of the game. We show that under monotonicity efficient subgame perfect Nash equilibria are achieved by single offers and the equilibrium characterization is easy to obtain. When dealing with non-monotonic preferences the problem becomes more challenging. Then, we define a pair of primal–dual linear programming problems that fully identifies the core of the game. A set of modified versions of t…
Noncooperative dynamic games for inventory applications: A consensus approach
2008
We focus on a finite horizon noncooperative dynamic game where the stage cost of a single player associated to a decision is a monotonically nonincreasing function of the total number of players making the same decision. For the single-stage version of the game, we characterize Nash equilibria and derive a consensus protocol that makes the players converge to the unique Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium. Such an equilibrium guarantees the interests of the players and is also social optimal in the set of Nash equilibria. For the multi-stage version of the game, we present an algorithm that converges to Nash equilibria, unfortunately not necessarily Pareto optimal. The algorithm returns a seque…
NASH EQUILIBRIA IN A MODEL OF MULTIPRODUCT PRICE COMPETITION: AN ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
2003
We study the market interaction of a finite number of single-product firms and a representative buyer, where the buyer consumes bundles of these goods. The buyers' value function determines their willingness to pay for subsets of goods. We show that subgame perfect Nash-equilibrium outcomes are solutions of the linear relaxation of an integer programming assignment problem and that they always exits. The (subgame perfect) Nash-equilibrium price set is characterized by the Pareto frontier of the associated dual problem's projection on the firms' price vectors. We identify the Nash-equilibrium prices for monotonic buyers' value functions and, more importantly, we show that some central soluti…
MIXED OLIGOPOLY, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND COMPETITION FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES*
2006
This paper explores frequency and pricing decisions in a horizontally and vertically differentiated duopoly when there is competition between means of transport and where one of the firms need not necessarily maximize profits. The private and the mixed duopoly are compared and distortions from the social optimum are identified, both analytically and numerically. A mixed duopoly does not recover the socially optimal solution. However, the presence of a (public) non-profit maximizing operator is a useful measure to get closer to the social optimum. When both operators are (private) profit maximizers, some control measures such as price caps and minimum service availability would reduce the di…
An overview of semi-infinite programming theory and related topics through a generalization of the alternative theorems
1984
We propose new alternative theorems for convex infinite systems which constitute the generalization of the corresponding toGale, Farkas, Gordan andMotzkin. By means of these powerful results we establish new approaches to the Theory of Infinite Linear Inequality Systems, Perfect Duality, Semi-infinite Games and Optimality Theory for non-differentiable convex Semi-Infinite Programming Problem.
Analyses of the TRACE V5 capability for the simulation of natural circulation and primary/containment coupling in BDBA condition typical of the MASLWR
2014
In the short term period the use of advanced Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is one of the most promising options for the deployment of nuclear technology. The validation and assessment of the best estimate thermal hydraulic system code TRACE against SMR thermal hydraulic phenomena is a novel effort. In this framework the use of the natural circulation database developed at the OSU-MASLWR test facility, simulating the MASLWR reactor prototype, is of interest for analyses of the TRACE code capability in predicting natural circulation and primary/containment coupled behavior in SMR. The target of this paper is to analyze the TRACE V5 capability for the simulation of natural circulation phenomena,…
Growth patterns at distal radius and tibial shaft in pubertal girls: a 2-year longitudinal study.
2005
Bone changes, in terms of both size and BMD, were assessed longitudinally in pubertal girls. Before puberty, BMD at the distal radius declined, whereas bone size increased, suggesting that normal growing girls experience a transient period of increased bone fragility. This could explain the elevated low-trauma forearm fracture rates reported in earlier studies. Introduction: Longitudinal data on bone growth during puberty are sparse. Such information is needed to understand the sequence of biological changes, the physical and mechanical consequences for the growing skeleton, and the implications for later life. Materials and Methods: The geometric properties and volumetric BMD (vBMD) of the…
Bone mineral density and physical activity in 50–60-year-old women
1991
Abstract The bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus was measured utilizing a single energy photon absorption method in 108 women, aged 50–60 years. The women who participated in vigorous exercise two or more times a week or whose total physical activity amounted to 4 h a week had significantly higher BMD values than those who exercised less than two times a week or did less than 4 h physical activity a week. The physically active women also showed higher values for leg extension force and maximal oxygen uptake. BMD and leg extension force were positively correlated, whereas correlations between BMD and body mass, and the width of the calcaneus were negative. When other life-style varia…
A methodology and algorithms for an optimal identification of Tourist Local Systems
2007
In last years, despite the emphasis on the importance of tourism as a leading industry in the development of a country’s economy, there is a lack of criteria and methodologies for the identification, the promotion and the governance of Tourism Local Systems (TLS). Moreover, nowadays an important debate is more and more emerging on the sustainable tourism development which involve three interconnected aspects: environmental, socio-cultural and economic. To this end, in this paper, a rigorous mathematical model is proposed for the optimal identification and dimensioning of TLS. The model here presented consists of a two stage methodology: at first, all the factors that characterize a geograph…
Clarkson-McCarthy inequalities with unitary and isometry orbits
2020
Abstract A refinement of a trace inequality of McCarthy establishing the uniform convexity of the Schatten p-classes for p > 2 is proved: if A , B are two n-by-n matrices, then there exists some pair of n-by-n unitary matrices U , V such that U | A + B 2 | p U ⁎ + V | A − B 2 | p V ⁎ ≤ | A | p + | B | p 2 . A similar statement holds for compact Hilbert space operators. Another improvement of McCarthy's inequality is given via the new operator parallelogramm law, | A + B | 2 ⊕ | A − B | 2 = U 0 ( | A | 2 + | B | 2 ) U 0 ⁎ + V 0 ( | A | 2 + | B | 2 ) V 0 ⁎ for some pair of 2n-by-n isometry matrices U 0 , V 0 .