Search results for " Programming"

An integrated model for biological and physical process simulation in membrane bioreactors (MBR).

2011

Abstract Mathematical modelling of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment has targeted either the biological processes (treatment quality target) as well as various aspects of system management. However, the high number of interactions among the involved physical–chemical processes, hampers a straightforward mathematical modelling. This circumstance is much more emphasized for submerged MBR systems where the membrane is immersed in an aeration tank. One of the main crucial points that prevents a comprehensive understanding is the interpretation of the fouling phenomenon and its connections with the biological processes. An overall mathematical model for MBR has not been comple…

Sailing dinghy hydrodynamic resistance by experimental and numerical assessments

2020

Abstract Hull forms of high-performance sailing dinghies are very interesting for yacht designers. After a long period in which the attention has been focused on one-design boats, in recent years a few exciting restricted classes such as International Moth, International 14′, 18’ Skiff and Class A catamaran become recognized in several countries and led to interesting advances in high-performance yacht design. “1001VELAcup R3” class is two people racing dinghy designed according to a box rule with limitation on LOA and Bmax and total sail area. The boats must be designed and built by students of European Universities and race yearly in Italy. This paper focuses on two best-ranked boats “LED…

Comparing Different Crowd Emergency Evacuation Models Based on Human Centered Sensing Criteria

2014

Emergency evacuation of crowds is a fascinating phenomenon that has attracted researchers from various fields. Better understanding of this class of crowd behavior opens up for improving evacuation policies and smarter design of buildings, increasing safety. Recently, a new class of disruptive technology has appeared: Human-centered sensing which allows crowd behavior to be monitored in real-time, and provides the basis for real-time crowd control. The question then becomes: to what degree can previous crowd models incorporate this development, and what areas need further research? In this paper, the authors provide a survey that describes some widely used crowd models and discuss the advan…

Dynamic Distributed Intrusion Detection for Secure Multi-Robot Systems

2009

A general technique to build a dynamic and distributed intrusion detector for a class of multi–agent systems is proposed in this paper, by which misbehavior in the motion of one or more agents can be discovered. Previous work from the authors has focused on how to distinguish the behavior of a misbehaving agent in a completely distributed way, by developing a solution where agents act as local monitors of their neighbors and use locally sensed information as well as data received from other monitors at a particular time. In this work, we improve the system detection capability by allowing monitors to use information collected at different instants and thus realizing a dynamic state observer…

Control strategy analysis of the hydraulic hybrid excavator

2015

Abstract Applying the electric hybrid technique on the off-road vehicle is one popular method to reduce the fuel consumption. However, the high cost, low energy conversion efficiency and disposal of used batteries are still the main problems. This paper is focusing on one alternative choice which is hydraulic hybrid off-road vehicles. Among the most typical off-road vehicles, the excavator is chosen as the prototype to study the control strategy. First, the basic principle of the hydraulic hybrid excavator based on Common Pressure Rail is introduced. Then, the mathematical model of the whole excavator is created. Moreover, the dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve the optimal contr…

Distributed consensus protocols for coordinating buyers

2003

In this paper, we introduce a distributed consensus protocol for coordinating orders of a network of buyers also called agents/decision makers. Each buyer chooses a different threshold strategy, defining its intention to place an order only if at least other l buyers will do the same. We prove that consensus is reached asymptotically globally and coordination is the same that if the decision making process would be centralized, namely, any decision maker (DM) has access to the thresholds of all other DMs and chooses to order or not. The proposed distributed protocol has the advantage that buyers do not have to communicate their threshold strategy in advance, and consensus is reached without…

Containment in the Pharmaceutical IndustryJ.P. Wood, editor, Marcel Dekker, New York. Series ‘Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences’, 2001, Vol. 108,…

2001

Human-centred Assembly: A Case Study for an Anthropocentric Cyber-physical System

2014

Abstract To engineer the factory of the future the paper argues for an anthropocentric cyber-physical reference model that assimilate in an integrated, dynamic, structural and functional way all the required components (i.e. physical, computational and human) of a synthetic hybrid system. This is due to the real need to design large-scale complex systems that accommodate the latest achievements in factory automation where the human is not merely playing a simple and clear role inside the control-loop, but is becoming a composite factor in a highly automated system (“man-in-the-mesh”). The concept is demonstrated by instantiating our anthropocentric cyber-physical reference model in a concre…

Electronics for Application of Ion Beams in Nanoscience

2009

The breadth of ion-beam nanoscience methods discussed in the proceeding chapters implies that the control and readout systems also span a wide range of techniques. For many nanoscience and technology applications the need to process or characterise a batches of samples has lead to a convergence of data acquisition systems and control systems. This coupled with the development of high-performance lowcost computing over the past decades has lead to a progressive evolution in data acquisition technology. Historically, much of the electronics used in nanoscience and technology using ion beams is based on nuclear analogue pulse counting and spectrometry where NIM (Nuclear Instrumentation Modules…

Ability of Preissmann slot scheme to simulate smooth pressurisation transient in sewers

2010

Urban drainage networks are generally designed to operate in a free-surface flow condition. However, as a consequence of heavy rainfall events or network malfunctioning, filling of sewers (pressurization) and network overflowing may occur. Several softwares are commonly used to simulate floods in drainage networks and their results are usually thought to be reliable and robust. However, no specific studies have been carried out on the behaviour of these softwares during the pressurization transient. Actually, mathematical models based on the momentum equation appear to be more suitable in correctly simulating the pressurization moving jump but models based on the energy equation are much mo…