Search results for " Protection"
showing 10 items of 995 documents
Radiation exposure to the hands and the thyroid of the surgeon during intramedullary nailing.
1998
Abstract During 41 procedures of intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial fractures, the primary surgeon and the first assistant wore ring dosimeters on their dominant index fingers. While the average fluoroscopy time per procedure was 4.6 min, the average dose of radiation to the dominant hand of the primary surgeon was 1.27 mSv and 1.19 mSv to the first assistant. The dose limit for the extremities is 500 mSv per year, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Extrapolation of the mean dose of the primary surgeon and first assistent per procedure of 1.23 mSv leads to the result that the recommended dose limit of 500 mSv would only be exceeded if more t…
Radiation transmission data for radionuclides and materials relevant to brachytherapy facility shielding
2008
To address the limited availability of radiation shielding data for brachytherapy as well as some disparity in existing data, Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate radiation transmission data for 60Co, 137CS, 198Au, 192Ir 169Yb, 170Tm, 131Cs, 125I, and 103pd photons through concrete, stainless steel, lead, as well as lead glass and baryte concrete. Results accounting for the oblique incidence of radiation to the barrier, spectral variation with barrier thickness, and broad beam conditions in a realistic geometry are compared to corresponding data in the literature in terms of the half value layer (HVL) and tenth value layer (TVL) indices. It is also shown that radiation shielding calc…
Broad-beam transmission data for new brachytherapy sources, Tm-170 and Yb-169
2005
The characteristics of the radionuclides (170)Tm and (169)Yb are highly interesting for their use as high dose-rate brachytherapy sources. The introduction of brachytherapy equipment containing these sources will lead to smaller required thicknesses of the materials used in radiation protection barriers compared with the use of conventional sources such as (192)Ir and (137)Cs. The purpose of this study is to determine the required thicknesses of protection material for the design of the protecting walls. Using the Monte Carlo method, transmission data were derived for broad-beam geometries through lead and concrete barriers, from which the first half value layer and tenth value layer are ob…
Practical recommendations for the application of DE 59/2013
2019
The changes introduced with Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom will require European Member States adapt their regulations, procedures and equipment to the new high standards of radiation safety. These new requirements will have an impact, in particular, on the radiology community (including medical physics experts) and on industry. Relevant changes include new definitions, a new dose limit for the eye lens, non-medical imaging exposures, procedures in asymptomatic individuals, the use and regular review of diagnostic reference levels (including interventional procedures), dosimetric information in imaging systems and its transfer to the examination report, new requirements on responsibiliti…
Radiation exposure in CT-guided interventions.
2013
To investigate radiation exposure in computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions, to establish reference levels for exposure, and to discuss strategies for dose reduction.We analyzed 1576 consecutive CT-guided procedures in 1284 patients performed over 4.5 years, including drainage placements; biopsies of different organs; radiofrequency and microwave ablations (RFA/MWA) of liver, bone, and lung tumors; pain blockages, and vertebroplasties. Data were analyzed with respect to scanner settings, overall radiation doses, and individual doses of planning CT series, CT intervention, and control CT series.Eighty-five percent of the total radiation dose was applied during the pre- and post-interv…
[Insight on how to assess and improve the response to the COVID-19 pandemic].
2022
Resumen: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado de manera particularmente intensa a España, pese a su nivel de desarrollo y la elogiada solidez de su Sistema Nacional de Salud. Para comprender qué ha pasado e identificar cómo mejorar la respuesta creemos imprescindible una evaluación independiente multidisciplinaria de la esfera sanitaria, política y socioeconómica. En este trabajo proponemos objetivos, principios, metodología y dimensiones a evaluar, además de esbozar el tipo de resultados y conclusiones esperadas. Nos inspiramos en los requerimientos formulados por el panel independiente de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y en las experiencias evaluativas en otros países, y detallamos la…
National guidelines for dental diagnostic imaging in the developmental age
2019
This document aims to support the dental professional in choosing the adequate diagnostic technique, minimising the radiation dose in observance of the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle (7). This principle states that the biological cost can only be justifed when the beneft, that is, the diagnosis, outweighs the risk related to radiation exposure. In this guideline paper, we report recommendations for radiologists, medical physicists, paediatrician, dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, with reference to the specifc felds.
Editorial from guest editors current Euratom legislation (DE 59/2013): new patient management in radiation protection.
2019
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A new resonant Laser-SNMS system for environmental ultra-trace analysis: Installation and optimization
2017
Abstract Localization, analysis and mobility of radioactive contaminated particles is of major concern for assessment of contamination threads and nuclear forensics. For this purpose, a new resonant Laser-SNMS system was developed and set up at the Institute for Radioecology and Radiation Protection for spatially resolved ultra-trace analysis of low concentrated radionuclides directly on environmental samples. This paper describes the adaption and combination of a dedicated Ti:sapphire laser system with a commercial TOF-SIMS instrument for resonant Laser-SNMS. The project includes computer simulations for optimization of the TOF analyzer. Results on synthetic uranium and technetium samples …
Imaging of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Complications: Comparison of Whole Body Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Radiographic Shunt Series.
2016
OBJECTIVE To determine diagnostic value and radiation exposure of low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) compared to radiographic shunt series (SS) for the detection of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt complications. METHODS Fourteen VP shunts were implanted in 7 swine cadavers. Mechanical complications were induced in 50% of VP shunts. Low-dose CT (80 kVp, 10 mAs, Pitch = 1.5) and SS were acquired. Dose area product (DAP) and effective doses for SS and LD-CT were collected. Scoring of diagnostic confidence and blinded readings of SS and CT data were performed. RESULTS The sensitivity of LD-CT was high (0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.00) with excellent interobserver agreement (κ = 0.88)…