Search results for " RNA"

The distinct gene expression of the pro-hormone convertases in the rat heart suggests potential substrates

1995

The present study examined the distribution of the pro-hormone convertases PC1, PC2, furin, PACE4 and PC5 in the rat heart. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from cardiac tissues showed high levels of furin and PACE4 mRNA in the atria and ventricles, while PC5 mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the dorsal aorta. Although undetectable by Northern blot analysis, both PC1 and PC2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in discrete regions of the intracardiac para-aortic ganglia. In situ hybridization studies also showed that furin mRNA was observed in all cardiac tissues and cells, consistent with the previously reported ubiquitous expression of…

Maternal overnutrition programs hedonic and metabolic phenotypes across generations through sperm tsRNAs

2019

There is a growing body of evidence linking maternal overnutri-tion to obesity and psychopathology that can be conserved acrossmultiple generations. Recently, we demonstrated in a maternalhigh-fat diet (HFD; MHFD) mouse model that MHFD inducedenhanced hedonic behaviors and obesogenic phenotypes thatwere conserved across three generations via the paternal lineage,which was independent of sperm methylome changes. Here, weshow that sperm tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) partly contrib-ute to the transmission of such phenotypes. We observe increasedexpression of sperm tsRNAs in the F1 male offspring born to HFD-exposed dams. Microinjection of sperm tsRNAs from the F1-HFDmale into normal zygotes…

Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β via the nucleot…

2015

Summary A better understanding about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) showed that inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β play a pivotal role, mirroring data largely reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1β is produced mainly by monocytes (MO), and hyperglycaemia may be able to modulate, in the cytoplasm of these cells, the assembly of a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin (NLRP3)-inflammosome, a cytosolic multi-protein platform where the inactive pro-IL-1β is cleaved into active form, via caspase-1 activity. In this paper, we evaluated the production of IL-1 β …

Expression of Cx36 in mammalian neurons

2000

Cx36 is the first mammalian member of a novel subgroup of the connexin family, characterized by a long cytoplasmic loop, a peculiar gene structure and a preferential expression in cell types of neural origin. In the present review we summarize the evidence in favour of its predominant expression in neuronal cells in the mammalian central nervous system, such as results from experiments with specific neurotoxins and co-localization of Cx36 mRNA and a neuronal marker. We also report a detailed description of Cx36 mRNA distribution in the rat and human central nervous system by in situ hybridization and, for each brain region, we correlate the novel findings with previous morphological or func…

A New Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Obtained from Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization as a siRNA Vector for CD44 Receptor Tumor Targeting.

2015

Two derivatives of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), starting from an ethylenediamino HA derivative (HA-EDA) and by using diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) as a monomer for polymerization. Both samples, indicated as HA-EDA-pDEAEMA a and b, are able to condense siRNA, as determined by gel retardation assay and resulting complexes show a size and a zeta potential value dependent on polymerization number, as determined by dynamic light scattering measurements. In vitro studies performed on HCT 116 cell line, that over express CD44 receptor, demonstrate a receptor mediated uptake of complexes, regardless of their surface charge. New…

Double-stranded RNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid immobilized onto gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by using a multifunctional polymeric linker.

2007

Reductive Decationizable Block Copolymers for Stimuli-Responsive mRNA Delivery

2016

Messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) are considered as promising alternatives for transient gene therapy, but to overcome their poor pharmacokinetic properties, smart carriers are required for cellular uptake and stimuli-responsive release. In this work, a synthetic concept toward reductive decationizable cationic block copolymers for mRNA complexation is introduced. By combination of RAFT block copolymerization with postpolymerization modification, cationic block copolymers are generated with disulfide-linked primary amines. They allow effective polyplex formation with negatively charged mRNA and subsequent release under reductive conditions of the cytoplasm. In first in vitro experiments w…

Cytochalasin B selectively releases ovalbumin mRNA precursors but not the mature ovalbumin mRNA from hen oviduct nuclear matrix

1987

Hen oviduct nuclear matrix-bound mature ovalbumin mRNA is released from the matrix in the presence of ATP, while the ovalbumin mRNA precursors remain bound to this structure. Detachment of the mature mRNA from the matrix by ATP as well as ATP-dependent efflux of mRNA from isolated nuclei were found to be inhibited by cytochalasin B. On the other hand, in the absence of ATP, cytochalasin B exclusively caused the release (and nucleocytoplasmic efflux) of the ovalbumin messenger precursors, but not of the mature mRNA. After cytochalasin B treatment, actin could be detected in the matrix supernatant. Phalloidin which stabilizes actin filaments did not cause RNA liberation in the absence of ATP,…

Genomic run-on evaluates transcription rates for all yeast genes and identifies gene regulatory mechanisms

2004

Most studies of eukaryotic gene regulation have been done looking at mature mRNA levels. Nevertheless, the steady-state mRNA level is the result of two opposing factors: transcription rate (TR) and mRNA degradation. Both can be important points to regulate gene expression. Here we show a new method that combines the use of nylon macroarrays and in vivo radioactive labeling of nascent RNA to quantify TRs, mRNA levels, and mRNA stabilities for all the S. cerevisiae genes. We found that during the shift from glucose to galactose, most genes undergo drastic changes in TR and mRNA stability. However, changes in mRNA levels are less pronounced. Some genes, such as those encoding mitochondrial pro…

mBISON: Finding miRNA target over-representation in gene lists from ChIP-sequencing data

2015

Background Over-representation of predicted miRNA targets in sets of genes regulated by a given transcription factor (e.g. as defined by ChIP-sequencing experiments) helps to identify biologically relevant miRNA targets and is useful to get insight into post-transcriptional regulation. Findings To facilitate the application of this approach we have created the mBISON web-application. mBISON calculates the significance of over-representation of miRNA targets in a given non-ranked gene set. The gene set can be specified either by a list of genes or by one or more ChIP-seq datasets followed by a user-defined peak-gene association procedure. mBISON is based on predictions from TargetScan and us…