Search results for " Rating"
showing 10 items of 529 documents
Experimental characterization of a wind generator prototype for sustainable small wind farms
2016
This paper presents the experimental characterization of a wind turbine prototype used for micro wind farms. The proposed prototype, whose advantages can be summarized in versatility of application, low noise and compactness, can generate 1 kW of rated power for a wind speed equal to 4 m/s. The tests here reported and carried out by means of an experimental test bench confirm that the prototype is well designed and adequate for the purpose of its application.
Octane Rating of Natural Gas-Gasoline Mixtures on CFR Engine
2014
In the last years new and stricter pollutant emission regulations together with raised cost of conventional fuels resulted in an increased use of gaseous fuels, such as Natural Gas (NG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), for passenger vehicles. Bi-fuel engines represent a transition phase product, allowing to run either with gasoline or with gas, and for this reason are equipped with two separate injection systems. When operating at high loads with gasoline, however, these engines require rich mixtures and retarded combustions in order to prevent from dangerous knocking phenomena: this causes high hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions together with high fuel consumption. With t…
A Refined Model for Knock Onset Prediction in Spark Ignition Engines Fueled With Mixtures of Gasoline and Propane
2015
In the last decade, gaseous fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas (NG), widely spread in many countries, thanks to their prerogative of low cost and reduced environmental impact. Hence, bi-fuel engines, which allow to run either with gasoline or with gas (LPG or NG), became very popular. Moreover, as experimentally demonstrated by the authors in the previous works, these engines may also be fueled by a mixture of gasoline and gas, which, due to the high knock resistance of gas, allow to use stoichiometric mixtures also at full load, thus drastically improving engine efficiency and pollutant emissions with respect to pure gasoline operation without noticeable power los…
Uprating an Overhead Line. Italian TSO Applications for Integration of RES
2013
The increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) production units has caused significant changes in the electrical system configuration. The existing structural asset isn't adequate to dispatch these new power flows that, at same time, should be favorite by various TSOs in order to obtain incentives. The outage of primary substations on the grid and the increase of consumptions have caused growing load currents on existing overhead line. This paper, after introducing thermal resistant conductors and Dynamic Rating (DR) solutions, reports an applications used by TERNA Group S.p.A. (Italian TSO). These systems are already installed on lines and they are contributing to increase power flows than…
The perception of the family functionality: Confirmation of its bifactorial structure
2012
Es necesario crear instrumentos válidos, fiables y de fácil aplicación para evaluar la funcionalidad familiar. En el presente estudio se confirma la estructura bifactorial de una Escala de Funcionalidad familiar de 23 ítems aportando índices de fiabilidad y validez externa en una muestra de 185 familias con hijos adolescentes. Se analiza la discrepancia parental, y se presentan los estadísticos descriptivos de esta variable en las dimensiones que constituyen la escala: Facilitador y Perturbador. El instrumento es útil para valorar la funcionalidad y para calcular la discrepancia parental en la percepción de la vida familiar, que es también un indicador de funcionalidad. Valid, reliable and …
Unsteady State Water Level Analysis for Discharge Hydrograph Estimation in Rivers with Torrential Regime: The Case Study of the February 2016 Flood E…
2017
Discharge hydrograph estimation during floods, in rivers with torrential regime, is often based on the use of rating curves extrapolated from very low stage-discharge measurements. To get a more reliable estimation, a reverse flow routing problem is solved using water level data measured in two gauged stations several kilometers from each other. Validation of the previous analysis carried out on the flood event of February 2016 at the Europa Bridge and Castiglione Scalo sections of the Crati River (Cosenza, Italy) is based on the use of 'soft' discharge measurement data and the comparison of the water level data computed in the downstream gauged section by three different hydraulic models w…
Fake news and infodemia at the time of covid-19
2020
The essay has as its object fake news and excess of pieces of information with particular attention to the pandemic emergency we are currently living: COVID-19. After a careful consideration about what fake news actually are, the paper analyzes the pitfalls concerning the communication through virtual technologies, where social networks let the news reach the user only if they pass some requirements, in order to give the user a personalized experience of being informed. As a result, the profiling process traps the user in a cage, which is a paradox, because the internet it’s literally supposed to be without borders and barriers. The current crisis caused by the global pandemic has brought t…
New Approaches to Regulating the Activities of Rating Agencies: A Comparative Analysis
2016
Abstract Rating agencies have become an important part of the global financial landscape. Formation of credit ratings is specified by the inherent asymmetry of financial market information and general interest in the transformation of a large amount of diverse and segmented financial information in a simple and clear assessment of the credit surveillance of borrowers that is credit rating. The world financial crisis started in 2008 has again put on the agenda the question of rating assessment accuracy and the factors influencing the rating migration. The activity of rating agencies, until recently, has had little regulation, allowing rating agencies to avoid responsibility for inaccuracies …
Quantifying Structural Subsidy Values for Systemically Important Financial Institutions
2013
Abstract Claimants to Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs) would receive transfers when governments are forced into bailouts. Ex ante, this bailout expectation lowers SIFIs’ daily funding costs. The funding cost advantage reflects both the structural level of the government support and the time-varying market valuation for such a support. Based on a large worldwide sample of banks, we estimate the value of the structural subsidy, by exploiting expectations of state support embedded in credit ratings and by applying the long-run average value of the rating bonus. The value of the structural subsidy was already sizable, 60 basis points (bp), as of the end-2007, before the cri…
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
2016
The article proposes a model of credit risk assessment on the basis of factor analysis of retail clients / borrowers in order to ensure predictive control of the level of risk posed by potential clients in commercial banks engaged in consumer lending. The aim of the study is to determine the level of risk represented by different groups (classes) of retail clients (borrowers) in order to reduce and prevent credit risk in the future as well as to improve the management of banking risks. The main results of the study are the creation of a model of borrowers internal credit ratings and the development of the methods of improving credit risk management in commercial banks.