Search results for " Realism"
showing 10 items of 143 documents
Classical and Connectionist Models: Levels of Description
1993
To begin, I introduce an analysis of interlevel relations that allows us to offer an initial characterization of the debate about the way classical and connectionist models relate. Subsequently, I examine a compatibility thesis and a conditional claim on this issue. With respect to the compatibility thesis, I argue that, even if classical and connectionist models are not necessarily incompatible, the emergence of the latter seems to undermine the best arguments for the Language of Thought Hypothesis, which is essential to the former. I attack the conditional claim of connectionism to eliminativism, presented by Ramsey et al. (1990), by discrediting their discrete characterization of common-…
Realism, metamathematics, and the unpublished essays
1995
This initial chapter is divided into two sections. The first is devoted to a brief exposition of the intuitive essence and the philosophical motivation of Godel’s main metamathematical results, namely his completeness theorem for elementary logic (1930) and his incompleteness theorems for arithmetic (1931). Thereafter some discussion of the different ways to confront the relationship between those results and Godel’s philosophical realism in logic and mathematics is offered. Thus, mathematical realism will be successively regarded as (i) a philosophical consequence of those results; (ii) a heuristic principle which leads to them; (iii) a philosophical hypothesis which is “verified” by them.…
From Carneades to Cicero
2015
This chapter is about how Stoic epistemology developed in the two centuries after Chrysippus’ death. I first show that, as a result of Carneades’ critique in the mid-second century, there was a shift of emphasis in the epistemological debate between the Stoa and the Academy. From then on the task was not to explain what causal features a cognitive thought has, but to describe what phenomenological features it has. I show that the later Stoics responded to this challenge in two different ways. Some changed Chrysippus’ theory quite radically. They held that a cognitive thought is characterized by giving rise to a sense of conviction, denied that preconceptions count as cognitive thoughts, and…
En respuesta al comentario de Carlos Pereda sobre Un lugar para la moral
2004
Carlos Pereda califica mi concepción de la moral de realismo particularista y objeta a mi defensa tanto del realismo como del particularismo. En mi respuesta trato de mostrar cómo nuestras discrepancias en torno al papel de los principios en la deliberación moral es, excepto en un punto crucial, cuestión de énfasis. No ocurre lo mismo, sin embargo, con mi reivindicación del realismo moral, pues parte de lo que intento mostrar en el libro es que los programas constructivistas de los que habla Pereda no pueden pensarse coherentemente.
From Fantasy to Magic Realism
1998
Much use has been made of the term ‘magic realism’ to refer to texts which introduce an important ‘imaginary’ dimension into ‘realistic’ evocations of the world. The Cuban Alejo Carpentier has also coined the phrase to real maravilloso (marvellous reality) which he applies to a vision characteristic of Central and South America.
Are Distinctions Between Genres Still Relevant?
1998
Why do readers — and especially literary critics — feel the need to classify works of art into categories which one often calls genres? On the one hand fashionable ideas lead some commentators to argue that, in this infinitely innovative world, genres have become irrelevant because traditional rules have been subverted. The ineffable text (sacralized in italics) is all that counts. Yet, on the other, their description of works of literature inevitably resorts to such terms as ‘fantasy’, ‘allegory’, ‘realism’, ‘tragedy’, even if they carefully place these in inverted commas. As the ‘reception’ school of criticism has convincingly shown, a novel, poem or play takes on its full meaning when it…
Del bene
2021
Del bene sembra che nel nostro tempo, segnato dal pluralismo etico e spesso dal nichilismo assiologico, non abbia alcun senso parlare. Di più: sembra che non se ne debba parlare per rispettare la libertà di tutti. Il testo presenta un’analisi fenomenologica del concetto di bene tesa a mostrare la vacuità di queste presupposizioni, ma anche i fattori di rischio per l’educazione contemporanea insiti in esse. Attraverso una ripresa dell’etica di E. Husserl e di alcuni dei suoi allievi, temi cruciali per una filosofia dell’educazione adeguata al nostro tempo sono allora: la differenza tra l’utile e il bene, il ruolo delle emozioni nella vita morale, il nesso tra desiderio, volontà e scelta, la …
Narzędzia kształtowania polskiej kultury muzycznej w dobie socrealizmu
2020
Realizm socjalistyczny, zwany prościej socrealizmem, to doktryna ideologiczno- estetyczna wspomagająca propagandę krajów komunistycznych. Jej korzenie sięgają Związku Radzieckiego, gdzie stanowiła jedyną słuszną metodę tworzenia sztuki od lat 30. XX wieku aż po kres mocarstwa, czyli rok 1991. Proces wprowadzania jedynej słusznej metody twórczej rozpoczęto w Polsce w 1949 roku. Władza organizowała zjazdy literatów, plastyków, architektów, filmowców, a także muzyków. Doktryna obowiązywała aż do 1956 roku (roku śmierci prezydenta Polski Ludowej Bolesława Bieruta), choć naciski zmalały wraz ze śmiercią Stalina w roku 1953. Władza komunistyczna dysponowała wieloma narzędziami mającymi skłonić ko…
Exploring Collective Action Dynamics in Online Communities from a Critical Realist Perspective
2016
Scholars have been increasingly studying Online Communities (OCs) for a variety of purposes, focusing on issues like individual motivation, knowledge sharing, and governance structure. Few studies focused on the entanglement among technology, people, and organizational structures that support working dynamics within OCs. This paper addresses this issue by exploring causal mechanisms sustaining the collective actions of OCs through a retroduction process. Based on the study of the OC of an Italian political movement, the Five Star Movement, the concept of affordance is involved to describe the generative mechanisms and new affordances are identified on collective action within OCs. Our work …
Krievijas un Ķīnas attiecības Centrālāzijas reģionā politikas un ekonomikas jomās no 2000.-2017. gadam
2018
Maģistra darbā tiek aplūkotas Krievijas un Ķīnas attiecības Centrālāzijas reģionā 2000-2017.gados. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt Krievijas un Ķīnas ārpolitikas kursus attiecībā pret Centrālāziju, ņemot vērā abu valstu lielvaru ambīcijas. Par darba teorētisko bāzi tika izmantota neoreālisma teorija, kas tiek sadalīta uz ofensīvo un defensīvo reālismu. Empīriskajā daļā izmantoti Krievijas un Ķīnas ārpolitiskie lēmumi attiecībā pret Centrālāzijas reģionu. Darba rezultāti apstiprina, ka Ķīnas ārpolitikā bija vērojama pāreja no defensīvā uz ofensīvo reālisma pieeju.