Search results for " Reason."
showing 10 items of 462 documents
PML risk is the main factor driving the choice of discontinuing natalizumab in a large multiple sclerosis population: results from an Italian multice…
2021
none 38 no BACKGROUND: Natalizumab (NTZ) is an effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, patients and physicians may consider discontinuing NTZ therapy due to safety or efficacy issues. The aim of our study was to evaluate the NTZ discontinuation rate and reasons of discontinuation in a large Italian population of RRMS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were extracted from the Italian MS registry in May 2018 and were collected from 51,845 patients in 69 Italian multiple sclerosis centers. MS patients with at least one NTZ infusion in the period between June 1st 2012 to May 15th 2018 were included. Discontinuation rates at each time point were cal…
Feelings or cognitions? Moral cognitions and emotions as longitudinal predictors of prosocial and aggressive behaviors
2010
Abstract There is debate regarding the roles of sociomoral cognitions and emotions in understanding moral development. The short-term longitudinal relations among perspective taking, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, prosocial behaviors and aggression in adolescents were examined. Participants were 489 students ( M age = 12.28 years, SD = .48; 232 boys) in public and private schools from predominantly middle class families in Valencia, Spain. Students completed measures of perspective taking, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, prosocial behaviors, and aggressive behaviors. Overall, structural equation modeling analyses showed that moral reasoning and emotions were interrelated and pre…
Violence, exclusion and the role of children and adolescents moral features in the sport domain: The save project
2019
The prevention of violence and exclusion in the sport domain is one of the principal priorities of the European Union Programs. Sport Against Violence and Exclusion (SAVE) Project is an initiative co-founded by the Erasmus Plus Programme of the European Commission, whose aim is to train coach to recognize and manage violent and exclusion episodes in the sport situation. According to the psychological literature, one of the predictors of aggressiveness and antisocial tendencies is morality. In particular, for what concerns children, a less mature moral reasoning is associated to a greater tendency to aggress, while for adolescents, the moral atmosphere, in particular, the perception of the c…
Inductive synthesis of dot expressions
2005
We consider the problem of the synthesis of algorithms by sample computations. We introduce a formal language, namely, the so-called dot expressions, which is based on a formalization of the intuitive notion of ellipsis (‘...’). Whilst formally the dot expressions are simply a language describing sets of words, on the other hand, it can be considered as a programming language supporting quite a wide class of programs. Equivalence and asymptotical equivalence of dot expressions are defined and proved to be decidable. A formal example of a dot expression is defined in the way that, actually, it represents a sample computation of the program presented by the given dot expression. A system of s…
Designed Examples as Mediating Tools: Introductory Algebra in Two Norwegian Grade 8 Classrooms
2019
A critical element in the introduction of algebra is to focus student attention on the basic ideas of algebraic reasoning including the use of concepts such as variable and algebraic expression. In the Norwegian classrooms, representing a student-centered instructional philosophy, the teachers utilized examples and problems that they themselves had designed, and the examples involved resources such as concrete objects and body movements in order to make algebra accessible to students. When designing these examples, teachers thus used their own previous experiences of teaching algebra in an attempt to articulate the passage from arithmetic to algebra.
On Inductive Generalization in Monadic First-Order Logic With Identity
1966
Publisher Summary The chapter examines the results obtained by means of a system when the relation of identity is used in addition to monadic predicates. The chapter compares the new system of inductive logic sketched by Jaakko Hintikka with Carnap's system. The main advantage of Hintikka's system is that it gives natural degrees of confirmation to inductive generalizations, whereas Carnap's confirmation function c * enables one to deal satisfactorily with singular inductive inference only. According to Carnap's system, general sentences that are not logically true receive nonnegligible degrees of confirmation only if the evidence contains a large part of the individuals in the whole univer…
Closedness properties in team learning of recursive functions
1997
This paper investigates closedness properties in relation with team learning of total recursive functions. One of the first problems solved for any new identification types is the following: “Does the identifiability of classes U1 and U2 imply the identifiability of U1∪U2?” In this paper we are interested in a more general question: “Does the identifiability of every union of n−1 classes out of U1,...,Un imply the identifiability of U1∪...∪Un?” If the answer is positive, we call such identification type n-closed. We show that n-closedness can be equivalently formulated in terms of team learning. After that we find for which n team identification in the limit and team finite identification t…
Analogical reasoning and aging: the processing speed and inhibition hypothesis.
2014
This study was designed to investigate the effect of aging on analogical reasoning by manipulating the strength of semantic association (LowAssoc or HighAssoc) and the number of distracters' semantic analogies of the A:B::C:D type and to determine which factors might be responsible for the age-related differences on analogical reasoning by testing two different theoretical frameworks: the inhibition hypothesis and the speed mediation hypothesis. We compared young adults and two groups of aging people (old and old-old) with word analogies of the A:B::C:D format. Results indicate an age-related effect on analogical reasoning, this effect being greatest with LowAssoc analogies. It was not asso…
The popularization of plate tectonics: presenting the concepts of dynamics and time
1996
There have been many attempts to describe and represent the theory of plate tectonics to laypeople. In the context of a study conducted at the request of a museum, we have tried to determine how the concepts of both geological time and the movements of the plates have been reformulated. After having systematically studied in detail publications aimed at more or less educated readers, we have selected a corpus of twelve articles from nine different magazines or journals. Among the different means of expression used by the popularizers, rhetorical figures constitute a significant resource. Procedures based on analogy (metaphor, comparison, analogical reasoning) were brought together in a sing…
K-means Clustering to Study How Student Reasoning Lines Can Be Modified by a Learning Activity Based on Feynman’s Unifying Approach
2017
Background:Research in Science Education has shown that often students need to learn how to identify differences and similarities between descriptive and explicative models. The development and use of explicative skills in the field of thermal science has always been a difficult objective to reach. A way to develop analogical reasoning is to use in Science Education unifying conceptual frameworks.Material and methods:A questionnaire containing six open-ended questions on thermally activated phenomena was administered to the students before instruction. A second one, similar but focused on different physical content was administered after instruction. Responses were analysed using k-means Cl…