Search results for " Reason."
showing 10 items of 462 documents
Conceptual graph operations for formal visual reasoning in the medical domain
2014
International audience; Objective - Conceptual graphs (CGs) are used to represent clinical guidelines because they support visual reasoning with a logical background, making them a potentially valuable representation for guidelines.Materials and methods - Conceptual graph formalism has an essential and basic component: a formal vocabulary that drives all of the other mechanisms, notably specialization and projection. The graph's theoretical operations, such as projection, rules, derivation, constraints, probabilities and uncertainty, support diagrammatic reasoning.Results - A conceptual graph's graphical user interface includes a multilingual vocabulary management, some query and decision-m…
Ontology languages for the semantic web: A never completely updated review
2006
This paper gives a never completely account of approaches that have been used for the research community for representing knowledge. After underlining the importance of a layered approach and the use of standards, it starts with early efforts used for artificial intelligence researchers. Then recent approaches, aimed mainly at the semantic web, are described. Coding examples from the literature are presented in both sections. Finally, the semantic web ontology creation process, as we envision it, is introduced.
Domain Specific Knowledge Representation for an Intelligent Tutoring System to Teach Algebraic Reasoning
2012
Translation of word problems into symbolic notation is one of the most challenging steps in learning the algebraic method. This paper describes a domain-specific knowledge representation mechanism to support Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) which focus on this stage of the problem solving process. The description language proposed is based on the concept of a hypergraph and makes it possible to simultaneously a) represent all potential algebraic solutions to a given word problem; b) keep track of the student's actions; c) provide automatic remediation; and d) unequivocally determine the current state of the resolution process. An experimental evaluation with students at a public school su…
A Semantic Publish/Subscribe Approach for U-VR Systems Interoperation
2008
As ubiquitous virtual reality (U-VR) systems become more and more popular and several systems coexist all together, sharing events between them in order to improve the user experience and increase their scope and functionality will be mandatory. Since U-VR systems have a dynamic and decoupled nature, and they have their own event model, we propose in this paper a semantic publish/subscribe infrastructure that lies on a description logics reasoner and OWL ontologies for managing heterogeneous event models and performing the matching of events and subscriptions in such U-VR systems.
Towards A Twitter Observatory: A Multi-Paradigm Framework For Collecting, Storing And Analysing Tweets
2016
International audience; In this article we show how a multi-paradigm framework can fulfil the requirements of tweets analysis and reduce the waiting time for researchers that use computational resources and storage systems to support large-scale data analysis. The originality of our approach is to combine concerns about data harvesting, data storage, data analysis and data visualisation into a framework that supports inductive reasoning in multidisciplinary scientific research. Our main contribution is a polyglot storage system with a generic data model to support logical data independence and a set of tools that can provide a suitable solution for mixing different types of algorithms in or…
FOWLA, A Federated Architecture for Ontologies.
2015
International audience; The progress of information and communication technologies has greatly increased the quantity of data to process. Thus, managing data heterogeneity is a problem nowadays. In the 1980s, the concept of a Federated Database Architecture (FDBA) was introduced as a collection of components to unite loosely coupled federation. Semantic web technologies mitigate the data heterogeneity problem, however due to the data structure heterogeneity the integration of several ontologies is still a complex task. For tackling this problem, we propose a loosely coupled federated ontology architecture (FOWLA). Our approach allows the coexistence of various ontologies sharing common data…
Ontology-based Integration of Web Navigation for Dynamic User Profiling
2015
The development of technology for handling information on a Big Data-scale is a buzzing topic of current research. Indeed, improved techniques for knowledge discovery are crucial for scientific and economic exploitation of large-scale raw data. In research collaboration with an industrial actor, we explore the applicability of ontology-based knowledge extraction and representation for today's biggest source of large-scale data, the Web. The goal is to develop a profiling application, based on the implicit information that every user leaves while navigating the online, with the goal to identify and model preferences and interests in a detailed user profile. This includes the identification o…
Generalizing relations during analogical problem solving in preschool children : does blocked or interleaved training improve performance ?
2017
International audience; Analogical reasoning, the mapping of structured relations across conceptual domains, is commonly recognized as essential to human cognition, but young children often perform poorly in the classical A:B::C:? analogical reasoning task. Particularly, young children have trouble when the objects in the task are not strongly associated with each other, and/or when there are strong associative lures among the potential answers. Here, we examine whether successive trials that repeat the same relation needed to solve the analogy can help overcome some of the challenges with weakly associated items. In the first of two experiments, our results were mixed. In the second, we si…
A Study of Students' Reasoning About “There exists no ...”
2018
International audience; In this paper, we report findings from two studies of students' engagement in metatheoretical tasks drawn from a model of the reasoning requirements of a proof by contradiction. The studies explored students' engagement in and success with the tasks, as well as the similarities and differences in students' and mathematicians' approaches. Findings indicate students tended towards syntactic, logical theory approaches while mathematicians gravitate towards semantic, mathematical theory approaches. Drawing on interview data, it is shown that students may use symbols to avoid employing fragile content knowledge, yet encounter further difficulties by viewing quantifiers as…
Analogical reasoning and its development : role of executive functions and the goal of the task
2013
This manuscript develops an issue related to the involvement of goal management capabilities and executive functions in this type of reasoning and its development. The first three experiments examine this issue in two tasks of analogical reasoning, the scene analogy task and the A:B::C:? task, through the study of visual strategies used by adults, and children aged 6-to-7. The results show differences in visual patterns related to goals, and to the inhibition of irrelevant information for the solution of the problems, between the different tasks, and between children and adults. The following two experiments study the visual strategies, always in relation to executive functioning and goal m…