Search results for " Reason"

showing 10 items of 465 documents

The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices in Healthy Children: A Qualitative Approach

2020

Studies on the structure of intelligence refer to two main theoretical models: the first one considers intelligence as a unitary construct, the second one assumes the involvement of a plurality of factors. Studies using Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) tasks have often highlighted the involvement of different cognitive abilities and brain structures, but in the clinical setting, RCPM measurement continues to be used as a single score. The current study aimed to analyse the RCPM performance following qualitative clustering, in order to provide an interpretation of the intelligence assessment through a factorial criterion. The RCPM have been administered to a large group of typica…

Analogical reasoningSettore M-PSI/01 - Psicologia Generalemedia_common.quotation_subjectTheoretical modelsintelligence; RCPM qualitative parameters; attentional abilities; analogical reasoning; concrete and abstract reasoningRCPM qualitative parameterArticle050105 experimental psychologylcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRaven's Progressive MatricesPerceptionRCPM qualitative parametersattentional abilities0501 psychology and cognitive scienceslcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatrymedia_commonconcrete and abstract reasoningSettore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia FisiologicaGeneral Neuroscience05 social sciencesattentional abilitieconcrete and abstract reasoning.Cognitionintelligenceanalogical reasoningIntelligence assessmentPsychologyConstruct (philosophy)030217 neurology & neurosurgeryStrengths and weaknessesCognitive psychology
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Counter-Clock World: How Planning Backwards Helps in Moving Forward in Collapsing Environments

2021

Research on corporate decline and turnarounds as well as the strategic use of history have so far remained two separate research fields. We integrate these two fields with a thought experiment, proposing ways in which strategists can work with, and through time in managing and turning around declines. Our thought experiment involves two very different types of analogies: a textual one from Philip K. Dick’s science fiction novels, on the one hand, and a visual one from Einsteinian relativity science, on the other hand. Inspired and informed by these different conceptualizations of the past and time, we develop four forms of backward strategizing to successfully manage a struggling corporatio…

Analogical reasoningThought experimentScience fictionuses of the pastHistorylcsh:Management. Industrial managementmenneisyysTemporalityStrategy and ManagementTemporalityhistory and temporalityAnalogical reasoninghistorialcsh:BusinessCorporationOrganizational decline and collapsescience fictionSociologyorganizational decline and collapsestrategic renewal and corporate turnaround managementUses of the pastStrategic optionsPerspective (graphical)CognitionMythologyhistoriatietoisuusGeneral Business Management and Accountinganalogical reasoningStrategic renewal and corporate turnaround managementyrityksetEpistemologylaskusuhdannelcsh:HD28-70uudistaminenstrateginen suunnittelutulevaisuuslcsh:HF5001-6182relativismitieteiskirjallisuusM@n@gement
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Public Reason and the Limits of Liberal Anti-Racism in Latvia

2011

My paper is a critical analysis of anti-racist and tolerance promotion initiatives in Latvia. First, I trace the historical and geopolitical conditions that enable the emergence of two discursive positions that are central to arguments about racism - that of liberally inclined tolerance activists and that of Latvians with politically objectionable nationalist sensibilities. Subsequently, I argue that, plagued by developmentalist thinking, anti-racist and tolerance promotion initiatives fail in their analysis of contemporary racism. They posit backward attitudes as the main hindrance to the eradication of racism and displace racism as a constitutive feature of modern political forms onto ind…

ArcheologyAnti-racismmedia_common.quotation_subjectGeopoliticsRacismNationalismTrace (semiology)PoliticsPromotion (rank)Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)AnthropologyPolitical economyLawSociologyPublic reasonmedia_commonEthnos
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Artificial intelligence techniques for cancer treatment planning

1988

An artificial intelligence system, NEWCHEM, for the development of new oncology therapies is described. This system takes into account the most recent advances in molecular and cellular biology and in cell-drug interaction, and aims to guide experimentation in the design of new optimal protocols. Further work is being carried out, aimed to embody in the system all the basic knowledge of biology, physiopathology and pharmacology, to reason qualitatively from first principles so as to be able to suggest cancer therapies.

Artificial Intelligence SystemKnowledge representation and reasoningbusiness.industryAnimals Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; administration /&/ dosage/pharmacology Clinical Protocols Computer Simulation Drug Therapy; Computer-Assisted Expert Systems Humans Medical Oncology; methods Programming Languages Software Design Therapy; Computer-AssistedExpert SystemsMedical OncologyDrug Therapy Computer-AssistedmethodsCancer treatmentComputer-AssistedBasic knowledgeadministration /&/ dosage/pharmacologyClinical ProtocolsDrug TherapySoftware DesignTherapy Computer-AssistedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsAnimalsHumansComputer SimulationProgramming LanguagesTherapyArtificial intelligenceAutomated reasoningbusinessMedical Informatics
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Hybrid architecture for shape reconstruction and object recognition

1998

The proposed architecture is aimed to recover 3-D- shape information from gray-level images of a scene; to build a geometric representation of the scene in terms of geometric primitives; and to reason about the scene. The novelty of the architecture is in fact the integration of different approaches: symbolic reasoning techniques typical of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence, algorithmic capabilities typical of artificial vision schemes, and analogue techniques typical of artificial neural networks. Experimental results obtained by means of an implemented version of the proposed architecture acting on real scene images are reported to illustrate the system capabilities.

Artificial neural networkKnowledge representation and reasoningComputer sciencebusiness.industryComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONCognitive neuroscience of visual object recognitionImage processingTheoretical Computer ScienceHuman-Computer InteractionArtificial IntelligenceComputer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionPattern recognition (psychology)Systems architectureComputer visionGeometric primitiveArtificial intelligenceGraphicsbusinessSoftware
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What Cordelia lacks of. The ethical dilemma of authenticity in the planning practices of reasoning in public.

2014

Given the significance of planning public argumentation, that is ‘reasoning in public’, in ways in which it is possible to recognize the diversity of perspectives and the complexity of many issues faced, this paper faces the question of how to deal with this issue in political and social contexts where the notion of (substantial) democracy faces several obstacles in its way. Due to our context-based research work field (and place where we live), we experienced significant difficulties in applying normative principles which are nurtured by promises on behalf of deliberative democracy. Consequently the paper raises the following questions: 1. how to practice this normative ideal in those cont…

Authenticity ethical dilemma public reasonongAuthenticity ethical dilemma public reasoningSettore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica
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On incorporating the paradigms of discretization and Bayesian estimation to create a new family of pursuit learning automata

2013

Published version of an article in the journal: Applied Intelligence. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-013-0424-x There are currently two fundamental paradigms that have been used to enhance the convergence speed of Learning Automata (LA). The first involves the concept of utilizing the estimates of the reward probabilities, while the second involves discretizing the probability space in which the LA operates. This paper demonstrates how both of these can be simultaneously utilized, and in particular, by using the family of Bayesian estimates that have been proven to have distinct advantages over their maximum likelihood counterparts. The success of LA-…

Bayes estimatorLearning automataDiscretizationbusiness.industryComputer scienceMaximum likelihoodBayesian probabilityestimator algorithmsBayesian reasoningEstimatorlearning automataBayesian inferencediscretized learningVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Information and communication science: 420::Knowledge based systems: 425Artificial Intelligenceε-optimalityArtificial intelligencepursuit schemesbusinessAlgorithm
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Verso una dimensione narrativa delle mappe

2021

Tra il pensiero e la costruzione dell’architettura il disegno ha un ruolo baricentrico per connettere i diversi protagonisti di una realizzazione e per coinvolgere la collettività facendo percepire inedite prospettive. La scrittura si rivela utile per esplicitare ciò che nella grafica è sotteso e per stabilire un ordine nuovo nel ragionamento progettuale. I rapporti fra segni e significati si moltiplicano nei sistemi informativi recenti in cui si ha la sensazione di poter dire moltissimo (dati numerici e spaziali) ma a volte sfugge quella sintesi indispensabile per una interpretazione concreta, finalizzata alla costruzione di possibili esperienze fisiche. Per l’esplorazione dell’uso di dive…

Between the idea and the construction of the architecture the drawing plays a central role to connect the different protagonists of a project. It involves the community by envisaging unprecedented perspectives. Writing is useful to explicit the graphics and establish a new order in the design reasoning. The relationships between signs and meanings multiply in recent information systems in which it seems possible to conclude a lot (thanks to numerical and spatial data) but sometimes a synthesis is missing though that synthesis is fundamental to create new physical experiences. For the exploration of the use of different architectural languages and for the push towards the project rather than a sterile cataloging the case of the Piano Programma for the historic center of Palermo (Giuseppe Samonà Giancarlo De Carlo Umberto Di Cristina Anna Maria Sciarra Borzí 1979-82) reveals to be ambitious. Giuseppe Samonà integrates the classical representation based on Monge's projections with photographs and iconic drawings associating signs with a linguistic-structural communication capable of expressing the relationships between the parts at the basis of a morphological approach to the plan. The graphic story ("second language") of the urban fabric has creative implications expressed by images and annotations ("first language") useful for decoding them. Since the plan focuses on the potential of a storytelling that orients the imagination of its readers (designers citizens politicians) it can contribute to the study titled "B4R– BRANDING 4 RESILIENCE - Tourist infrastructure as a tool to enhance small villages by drawing resilient communities and new open habitats” as a starting point for the mapping in which GIS analysis and multidisciplinary data (geometric topological and quantitative) relating to some villages of the internal Sicily shall translate into a new architectural urban and landscape quality.Settore ICAR/14 - Composizione Architettonica E Urbana
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IL PROBLEMA DELLA RILEVANZA PENALE DELLA COLTIVAZIONE DI PIANTE DA STUPEFACENTI TRA OFFENSIVITA' E RAGIONEVOLEZZA

2021

The problem of criminal relevance of cultivation of narcotic plants can be considered an interesting opportunity to evaluate the interaction, on the interpretative level, related to the principles of harmfulness and reasonableness, understood as balancing criterion between opposite values. The author examines two jurisprudential interpretative ways to exclude the punishability for small “domestic” cultivations of narcotic plants. The first attempt was to contest the constitutional legitimacy of Article 75 of the d.P.R. 309/1990, because it doesn’t include, as an administrative offence, minimal cultivations for the purpose of personal consumption. The second attempt was to exclude any puniti…

CULTIVATION NARCOTIC PLANTS HARMFULNESS REASONABLENESSSettore IUS/17 - Diritto Penale
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On Duality in Learning and the Selection of Learning Teams

1996

AbstractPrevious work in inductive inference dealt mostly with finding one or several machines (IIMs) that successfully learn collections of functions. Herein we start with a class of functions and considerthe learner setof all IIMs that are successful at learning the given class. Applying this perspective to the case of team inference leads to the notion ofdiversificationfor a class of functions. This enable us to distinguish between several flavours of IIMs all of which must be represented in a team learning the given class.

Class (computer programming)business.industryPerspective (graphical)Duality (mathematics)InferenceInductive reasoningMachine learningcomputer.software_genreTheoretical Computer ScienceComputer Science ApplicationsTeam learningComputational Theory and MathematicsSelection (linguistics)Artificial intelligencebusinesscomputerMathematicsInformation SystemsInformation and Computation
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