Search results for " Regulation"
showing 10 items of 3187 documents
Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda): differential in vivo mucin expression and glycosylation in high- and low-compatible hosts.
2014
Enhanced mucus production and release appears to be a common mechanism for the clearance of intestinal helminths, and this expulsion is normally mediated by Th2-type immune responses. To investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths, we have analysed in vivo expression of mucin genes at the site of infection in two host species displaying different compatibility with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). Surprisingly, a general down-regulation on mucin mRNA expression was detected in low-compatible hosts (rats) coinciding with the development of Th2/Th17 responses and the early rejection of the worms from the intestinal lumen. This suggests the existence of a mechanis…
Circulating miR-22, miR-24 and miR-34a as Novel Predictive Biomarkers to Pemetrexed-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
2013
Pemetrexed has been widely used in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical relevance of polymorphisms of folate pathway genes for pemetrexed metabolism have not been fully elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of circulating miR-22, miR-24, and miR-34a, possibly involved in folate pathway, in NSCLC patients treated with pemetrexed compared with healthy controls and to investigate their impact on patient clinical outcomes. A total of 22 consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC, treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy and 27 age and sex matched healthy controls were included in this preliminary analysis. miR-22, miR-24, …
Cross-species transcriptomic analysis elucidates constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity
2014
Background Research on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has largely focused on variations in toxic outcomes resulting from its activation by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. But the AHR also plays key roles in regulating pathways critical for development, and after decades of research the mechanisms underlying physiological regulation by the AHR remain poorly characterized. Previous studies identified several core genes that respond to xenobiotic AHR ligands across a broad range of species and tissues. However, only limited inferences have been made regarding its role in regulating constitutive gene activity, i.e. in the absence of exogenous ligands. To address this, we profiled transc…
Cancer cells induce immune escape via glycocalyx changes controlled by the telomeric protein TRF2
2019
International audience; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells with strong immunosuppressive activity that promote tumor growth. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which cancer cells control MDSCs in human cancers by upregulating TRF2, a protein required for telomere stability. Specifically, we showed that the TRF2 upregulation in cancer cells has extratelomeric roles in activating the expression of a network of genes involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, leading to profound changes in glycocalyx length and stiffness, as revealed by atomic force microscopy. This TRF2-dependent regulation facilitated the recruitment of MDSCs, their …
Early Signs of Emotional Recognition Deficits in Adolescent High-Binge Drinkers
2019
Background: Emotional dysregulation, measured with face recognition tasks, is prevalent in alcohol use disorders (AUD), constituting a risk factor for alcohol use and relapse. It is not clear howev...
Compound heterozygosity in the SPG4 gene causes hereditary spastic paraplegia
2008
The SPG4 gene is frequently mutated in autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We report that the compound heterozygous sequence variants S44L, a known polymorphism, and c.1687G>A, a novel mutation in SPG4 cause a severe form of HSP in a patient. The family members carrying solely c.1687G>A mutation are asymptomatic for HSP. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the c.1687G>A mutation is a splice site mutation and causes skipping of the exon 15 of spastin. Furthermore, quantification of RT-PCR products by sequencing and quantification of allele-specific expression by pyrosequencing assay revealed that c.1687G>A is a leaky…
Old and new immunophenotypic markers in multiple myeloma for discrimination of responding and relapsing patients: The importance of "normal" residual…
2014
Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease characterized by proliferation of clonal malignant plasma cells (CPCs), which can be immunophenotypically distinguished from polyclonal plasma cells (PPCs) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). The utility of PPCs analysis in detecting prognostic and predictive information is still a matter of debate. Methods: we tested the ability of 11 MFC markers in detecting differences in the immunophenotype of CPCs and PPCs among patients in various disease stages; we verified if these markers could be associated with disease stage/response to therapy despite the role of clinical parameters. Results: significant changes in the expression of markers…
Expression of the rat connexin 39 (rCx39) gene in myoblasts and myotubes in developing and regenerating skeletal muscles: an in situ hybridization st…
2005
We report a detailed analysis of the expression pattern of the recently identified rat connexin gene, named rat connexin 39 (rCx39), both during embryonic development and in adult life. Qualitative and quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction analysis showed intense expression of rCx39 restricted to differentiating skeletal muscles, with a peak of expression detected at 18 days of embryonic life, followed by a rapid decline to undetectable levels within the first week of postnatal life. A combination of the in situ hybridization technique for the detection of rCx39 mRNA and immunohistochemistry for myogenin, a myoblast-specific marker, allowed us to establish that the mR…
FM19G11, a New Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Modulator, Affects Stem Cell Differentiation Status
2009
The biology of the alpha subunits of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF alpha) has expanded from their role in angiogenesis to their current position in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The results reported in this article show the discovery of FM19G11, a novel chemical entity that inhibits HIF alpha proteins that repress target genes of the two alpha subunits, in various tumor cell lines as well as in adult and embryonic stem cell models from rodents and humans, respectively. FM19G11 inhibits at nanomolar range the transcriptional and protein expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Tgf-alpha undifferentiating factors, in adult rat and human embryonic stem cells, FM19G11 activit…
Selection of endogenous control genes for normalization of gene expression analysis after experimental brain trauma in mice.
2008
Quantitative measurements of gene expression require correction for tissue sample size, RNA quantity, and reverse transcription efficiency. This can be achieved by normalization with control genes. The study was designed to identify candidates not altered after brain trauma. Male C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and a pneumatic brain trauma was induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) on the right parietal cortex. Brains were removed at 15 min, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after CCI and from naive animals (n = 6 each). Absolute copies of six control genes (beta-2-microglobin [B2M], cyclophilin A, beta-actin, hypoxanthine ribosyltransferase [HPRT], porphobilinogen deaminase [PBGD]…