Search results for " Regulations"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Corruption in banks: A bibliometric review and agenda
2020
Abstract This paper is a bibliometric review of 819 articles, between 1969 and 2019, on corruption in banks. We identified six research streams: (1) the determinants of banks’ lending corruption; (2) the impact of corruption on banks’ lending and operational risk; (3) the impact of bank corruption on firms; (4) the impact of political connections on bank corruption; (5) the impact of corporate governance and regulations on bank corruption; and (6) the manipulation of the inter-bank offered rate. We recommend an anti-corruption architecture system and an extension in theoretical frameworks related to corruption in banks. We propose 20 future research questions.
Medico-legal implications of sleep apnoea syndrome: driving license regulations in Europe.
2008
Background: Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS), one of the main medical causes of excessive daytime sleepiness, has been shown to be a risk factor for traffic accidents. Treating SAS results in a normalized rate of traffic accidents. As part of the COST Action B-26, we looked at driving license regulations, and especially at its medical aspects in the European region. Methods: We obtained data from Transport Authorities in 25 countries (Austria, AT; Belgium, BE; Czech Republic, CZ; Denmark, DK; Estonia, EE; Finland, FI; France, FR; Germany, DE; Greece, GR; Hungary, HU; Ireland, IE; Italy, IT; Lithuania, LT; Luxembourg, LU; Malta, MT; Netherlands, NL; Norway, EC; Poland, PL; Portugal, PT; Slovakia,…
Technology and Labor Regulations: Theory and Evidence
2015
This paper shows that different labor market policies can lead to differences in technology across sectors in a model of labor saving technologies. Labor market regulations reduce the skill premium and as a result, if technologies are labor saving, countries with more stringent labor regulation, which bind more for low skilled workers, become less technolog- ically advanced in their high skill sectors, but more technologically advanced in their low skill sectors. We then present data on capital-output ratios, on estimated productivity levels and on patent creation, which tend to support the predictions of our model.
RENT CREATION AND RENT SHARING: NEW MEASURES AND IMPACTS ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
2019
International audience; This analysis proposes new measures of rent creation and rent sharing and assesses their impact on productivity on cross-country-industry panel data. We find first that: (1) anticompetitive product market regulations positively affect rent creation and (2) employment protection legislation boosts hourly wages, particularly for low-skill workers. However, we find no significant impact of this employment legislation on rent sharing, as the hourly wage increases are offset by a negative impact on hours worked. Second, using regulation indicators as instruments, we find that rent creation and rent sharing both have a substantial negative impact on total factor productivi…
Why Do People Dislike Low-Wage Trade Competition with Posted Workers in the Service Sector?
2013
AbstractThe issue of low-wage competition in services trade involving posted workers is controversial in the EU. Using Swedish survey data, people's attitudes are found to be more negative to such trade than to goods trade. The differences depend on both a preference for favouring social groups to which individuals belong (the domestic population) and altruistic justice concerns for foreign workers. In small-group experiments, we find a tendency for people to adjust their evaluations of various aspects of trade to their general attitude. This tendency is stronger for those opposed to than those in favour of low-wage trade competition. This may indicate that the former group forms its attitu…
Product and Labour Market Regulations, Production Prices, Wages and Productivity
2016
ACLN; International audience; This study is an attempt to evaluate the effects of product and labour market regulations on industry productivity through their various impacts on changes in production prices and wages. In a first stage, the estimation of a regression equation on an industry*country panel, with controls for country*industry and country*year fixed effects, show that multi-factor productivity is negatively and significantly influenced by both indicators of industrial prices from same industry and weighted average of industrial prices from other industries, and by indicators of country wages weighted by industry labour shares for low and high skilled workers. In a second stage, …
Laws, Regulations, Standards, and Guidelines for the Protection of Man Against Mechanical Vibration
1986
Regulations that serve to protect workers from the dangers arising from mechanical vibration have been established by the legislators and agencies responsible for work protection, such as ministries of labor and social affairs and industrial insurance organizations. Furthermore, international agreements have also established such protective measures. The corresponding laws, rules or agreements relate to: 1. Occupational diseases 2. Criteria for the evaluation of risk from mechanical vibration and the establishment of exposure limit values 3. Guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of vibration 4. Medical examinations before employment and regular health examinations 5. Technical and o…
Biological Nutrient Removal and Fouling Phenomena in a University of Cape Town Membrane Bioreactor Treating High Nitrogen Loads
2013
The behavior of a University of Cape Town (UCT) membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was investigated for use in biological nutrient removal from real wastewater. The pilot plant was in operation for a period of 165 days, during which an extensive data gathering campaign was conducted. The pilot plant was started up by inoculating it with activated sludge from a nearby wastewater treatment plant, and it was fed by real municipal wastewater characterized by high organic nitrogen concentrations attributable to discharges from industrial wastewater and sporadic landfill leachate. Carbon and biological nutrient removal processes, a sludge production process, and a membrane fouling mechanism were an…
Five Years of the Citizens Directive in the UK - Part 1
2011
This two-part article reviews how the UK authorities have fared in the practical application of Directive 2004/38/EC in the five years since it entered into force. It identifies and examines the most common problems faced by EU citizens when seeking to have their rights recognised by the UK authorities applying the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2006 by reference to questions and complaints received by Your Europe Advice. In examining the experience of EU citizens and their family members living in the UK, account is taken of a number of recent judgments of the European Court of Justice concerning EU citizenship, including Metock, Lassal, Eman & Sevinger and Ruiz Zambrano.…
EU régulations and general principles
2015
International audience; This engineering book brings together two of the key strands in food packaging: active packaging and natural, often biobased, components. The text investigates the chemistry, effects and technical incorporation of bioactives into different forms of packaging. Specifically, chapters focus on techniques for impregnating natural substances into conventional and biodegradable food packaging materials with an emphasis on their antioxidant and antimicrobial functions. Oxygen scavengers, plant extracts, essential oils, enzymes, phytochemicals, polysaccharides are investigated. Chapters discuss how bioactives are combined with packaging to suppress microbes and improve the q…