Search results for " SLE"
showing 10 items of 597 documents
Moral Attitudes Toward Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement (PCE): Differences and Similarities Among Germans With and Without PCE Experience
2018
Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE), the use of illicit and/or prescription drugs to increase cognitive performance, has spurred controversial discussion in bioethics. In a semi-structured interview study with 60 German university students and employees, differences and similarities in moral attitudes toward PCE among 30 experienced participants (EPs) vs. 30 inexperienced participants (IPs) were investigated. Substances EPs used most often are methylphenidate, amphetamines, tetrahydrocannabinol and modafinil. Both EPs and IPs addressed topics such as autonomous decision making or issues related to fairness such as equality in test evaluation and distortion of competition. While most…
GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary beh…
2021
This study was conducted under the umbrella of the ActiveBrains and the SmarterMove projects supported by the MINECO/FEDER (DEP2013-47540, DEP2016-79512-R, RYC-2011-09011) and the CoCA project supported by the European Union's 2020 research and innovation programme (667302). JHM is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU15/02645). AR is supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, and the Collaboration for leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East Midlands. SS is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE36-0004-01). RW is supported by a Medical Research Council Industrial Strategy Studentship (MR…
Brief Communication HUMAN SCALP RECORDED SIGMA ACTIVITY IS MODULATED BY SLOW EEG OSCILLATIONS DURING DEEP SLEEP
2002
The EEG during deep sleep exhibits a distinct cortically generated slow oscillation of around and below 1 Hz which can be distinguished from other delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) activity. Intracranial studies showed that this slow oscillation triggers and groups cortical network firing. In the present study, we examined whether the phases of the slow oscillation during sleep stage 4 are correlated with the magnitude of sigma (12-16 Hz) and gamma (> 20 Hz) scalp activity. For this purpose, 10-min segments of uninterrupted stage 4 sleep EEG from 9 subjects were analyzed by applying wavelet techniques. We found that scalp recorded sigma, but not gamma, activity is modulated by the phases of the slow oscil…
Differential electrodermal and phasic heart rate responses to personally relevant information: Comparing sleep and wakefulness
2010
This study examined autonomic physiological responses to personally relevant information presented during sleep and wakefulness. Heart rate and electrodermal reactions to subjects’ own first name and other first names were measured during sleep stage 2, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and wakefulness. Across all conditions, larger skin conductance responses were elicited by subjects’ own first name. During REM sleep, personally relevant information led to larger heart rate acceleration, whereas an enhanced deceleration was examined during wakefulness. These findings suggest that auditory information is processed on a semantic level even during sleep. However, personally relevant information…
Sleep quality does not mediate the association between chronodisruption and metabolic syndrome
2020
ABSTRACTAimsThe objective of the present work was to determine to what extent sleep quality may mediate the association between CD, metabolic syndrome (MS) and body composition (BC).MethodologyCross-sectional study which included 300 adult health workers, 150 of whom were night shift workers and thereby exposed to CD. Diagnosis of MS was made based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage, and visceral fat percentage were measured as indicators of BC. Data were analyzed using logistic, linear regression and structural equation models.ResultsThe odds of health workers exposed to CD t…
The Influence of Sports on Cognitive Task Performance – A Critical Overview
2013
The potential effect of different methods on cognitive performance is of great interest to scientific researchers. In addition to drugs, nutrition and sleeping behavior, extensive research has focused on different kinds of sports and exercise and their potential to enhance cognitive task performance. In this chapter, I will give the reader an overview of studies dealing with athletic activities of healthy people and their effects on cognitive task performance. Furthermore, I present and discuss limitations and problems found in these studies. One problem that I point out that makes the comparison of the study results difficult is the heterogeneous study design regarding mode, duration and i…
Postural changes in patients undergoing hyoid surgery for OSAS
2017
The hyoid bone is the only â suspended boneâ in our body, and its suspension system has an important role in posture maintenance. We studied postural modification in a group of patients affected by Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndromewho had undergone surgical treatment including hyoid suspension. The surgical procedure performed was section of supra- and infrahyoid muscle and mobilization of the hyoid bone through its suspension to the thyroid cartilage. We studied the postural changes with stabilometric tests. In the early post-operative (one week) follow-up, we performed a posturography test with closed eyes and occlusal disjunction, and saw a worsening of the average parameter of the centre…
Psychomotor slowness is associated with self-reported sleep duration among the general population
2010
Short and long self‐reported sleep durations have been found to be associated with several seemingly disparate health risks and impaired functional abilities, including cognitive functioning. The role of long sleep is especially poorly understood in this context. Psychomotor slowness, shown to have analogous associations with cognitive performance and health risks as self‐reported long sleep duration, has not been studied together with sleep duration in epidemiological settings. We hypothesized that self‐reported habitual sleep duration, especially long sleep, is associated with slow psychomotor reaction time, and that this association is independent of vigilance‐related factors. The hypoth…
The Acute Effect of Low Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Psychomotor Performance of Athletes with Nocturnal Sleep Deprivation
2018
Objectives: Psychomotor performance is a vital factor which decisively affects the athletic performance. The purpose of the research was to investigate the acute effects of low intensity aerobic exercise on psychomotor performance of athletes with nocturnal sleep deprivation. Methods: Sixteen professional female volleyball players with mean age of 22.3 ± 2.6 years old were studied twice in a balanced, randomized design. The participants were asked to fill the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) prior to the beginning of the study and their nocturnal activity was recorded at 1-minute intervals and scored with the Actiwatch sleep analysis. The study used the Vienna Test System to measure co…
Occupational cognitive complexity and episodic memory in old age
2021
The aim of this study was to investigate occupational cognitive complexity of main lifetime occupation in relation to level and 15-year change in episodic memory recall in a sample of older adults (≥ 65 years, n = 780). We used latent growth curve modelling with occupational cognitive complexity (O*NET indicators) as independent variable. Subgroup analyses in a sample of middle-aged (mean: 49.9 years) men (n = 260) were additionally performed to investigate if a general cognitive ability (g) factor at age 18 was predictive of future occupational cognitive complexity and cognitive performance in midlife. For the older sample, a higher level of occupational cognitive complexity was related to…