Search results for " SOIL"
showing 10 items of 774 documents
Comparative effect of inorganic N on plant growth and N2 fixation of ten legume crops
2018
International audience; [pas de résumé]
Copper Dynamics and Impact on Microbial Communities in Soils of Variable Organic Status
2008
International audience; The effect of soil organic status on copper impact was investigated by means of a microcosm study carried out on a vineyard soil that had been amended with varying types of organic matter during a previous long-term field experiment. Soil microcosms were contaminated at 250 mg Cu kg−1 and incubated for 35 days. Copper distribution and dynamics were assessed in the solid matrix by a sequential extraction procedure and in the soil solution by measuring total and free exchangeable copper concentrations. Copper bioavailability was also measured with a whole-cell biosensor. Modifications of microbial communities were assessed by means of biomass-C measurements and charact…
Cadmium availability at different soil pH to transgenic tobacco overexpressing ferritin
2003
International audience; Knowledge on physiological mechanisms and plant metabolism can be used to enhance metal uptake. The capacity to uptake metals of transgenic tobaccos overexpressing ferritin in plastids (P6) or in cytoplasm (C5) and a control tobacco (A) is assessed in three polluted soils from the same soil series, with a similar Cd content, but displaying pH from 5.8 to 7 (8b2, 8b3, S11). Differences in dry leave weight were not significant between the three tobaccos growing on each soil. Iron concentration in ferritin overexpression either in P6 or in C5 tobaccos increased only on the S11 soil, which had a soil pH 7, in comparison to A tobacco. In both 8b2 and 8b3 soils at pH lower…
Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes dans les technosols construits pour la restauration des friches industrielles
2012
Increasing soil degradation and its consequences on overall ecosystem services urge for restoration strategies. Construction of Technosols through assemblage of treated soil and industrial wastes is an innovative technology for the restoration of polluted land and re-use of industrial by-products. Recent studies have evidenced that Technosols could support ecosystemic services such as primary production but the knowledge about other soil functions, such as biogeochemical cycling, is limited. Due to the significant contribution of microbial communities to soil functioning, this PhD work was carried out to study the effect of the type of Technosol on microbial communities with a focus on func…
Les terroirs viticoles : une méthodologie de zonage en fonction du sol
2010
Terroir is a key-concept in viticulture that is more and more widely recognized to explain variations in wine quality and wine style. Terroir refers to an area and thus possesses a geographical dimension. Hence, zoning of viticultural terroir is necessary. This paper addresses soil related aspects of terroir zoning. The first step of the zoning process is a clear identification of the objectives that are being pursued: demarcation of production areas, the adaptation of the viticultural management practices to variations in soil types or the protection of viticultural landscapes. The second step is the definition of a scale adapted to the objectives. The precision of the zoning increases wit…
Soil aggregates and humus systems
2016
The European Society for Soil Conservation Conference, organized by the Babes-Bolyai University will take place from 15th June to the 18th June 2016 at the Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The conference will cover areas like Soils – Our Common Future” stresses the vital interconnection between soil and life, as well as its importance for the future of the human society.; International audience; The survey of few main morphological soil aggregates (with intrinsic biological, chemical and physical contents) reveals the existence of different humus systems. Recognizable by naked eyes in the field, each humus system is confined in an ecological frame (climate, ve…
Search for biological signature of the degradation of chlordecone in soil of the French West Indies
2015
The use of chlordecone (CLD) to eradicate the weevil populations in the banana plantations in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) between 1972 and 1993 led to the contamination of the soil and the environment. This very hydrophobic organochlorine insecticide persists in the soil where it slowly transfers not only to the water resources but also to terrestrial and aquatic biota (plants, animals, fishes, shellfishes). Deemed “non-degradable”, CLD is resistant to photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation. To date, there is no method to remediate the 20,000 hectares of polluted soil with this insecticide. Given the extent of CLD pollution, biological decontamination processes app…
Analyze and simulation a dynamic of soil indicators fertility under different agricultural management practices in cotton area of Togo
2011
Using data observed during 20 to 40 years in different agro-ecosystems of Togo, we analyzed soil fertility dynamic under different agricultural management practices. Tree soil C models of varying complexity were tested, and the most accurate in terms of soil C dynamics description in these tropical soils was associated with the QUEFTS model and with nutrient partial balance to analyze the effect of each agricultural management practice. Results indicated that, although fertilizers N, P and K were continuously applied at a recommended rate by the research (RR) or at this rate increased in 50% (1.5RR), initial cotton and cereals yields of 1.5 to 2 t ha˗1 and 2 to 3 t ha˗1, respectively, decre…
A priori parameterisation of the CERES soil-crop models and tests against several European data sets
2002
Mechanistic soil-crop models have become indispensable tools to investigate the effect of management practices on the productivity or environmental impacts of arable crops. Ideally these models may claim to be universally applicable because they simulate the major processes governing the fate of inputs such as fertiliser nitrogen or pesticides. However, because they deal with complex systems and uncertain phenomena, site-specific calibration is usually a prerequisite to ensure their predictions are realistic. This statement implies that some experimental knowledge on the system to be simulated should be available prior to any modelling attempt, and raises a tremendous limitation to practica…
Etude de la variabilité des propriétés physiques et hydrodynamiques d'un sol argileux sous l'effet de conduites en protection intégrée contre les adv…
2015
Integrated weed management (IWM)-based cropping systems are of great interest due to their significant reduction of herbicide inputs by using a complex combination of agricultural techniques. The main objective of our work was to contribute to the environmental dimension of the multi-criteria evaluation of IWM-based cropping systems which were set up since 2000 on the experimental domain of the National Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA) to Bretenière (France). The variability of physical and hydrodynamic soil properties involved in the transfer of water through the vadose zone was studied for the 5 cropping systems present on the experimental site (1 reference cropping system and 4 …