Search results for " SOLID"

Disintegration of Wastewater Activated Sludge (WAS) for Improved Biogas Production

2018

Due to rapid urbanization, the number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has increased, and so has the associated waste generated by them. Sustainable management of this waste can lead to the creation of energy-rich biogas via fermentation processes. This review presents recent advances in the anaerobic digestion processes that have led to greater biogas production. Disintegration techniques for enhancing the fermentation of waste activated sludge can be apportioned into biological, physical and chemical means, which are included in this review; they were mainly compared and contrasted in terms of the ensuing biogas yield. It was found that ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted disintegrati…

Environmental assessment of the Sibiu County, Romania: proposal for sewage sludge and OFMSW management

2017

The aim of the work is to assess current solid waste management (SWM) and wastewater treatment (WWT) in the county of Sibiu, Romania. Sibiu is a region where industrialization and tourism are spreading constantly, while pollution monitoring and the introduction of circular economy (CE) principles are still lacking. The environmental issues are mostly due to the absence of reliable sanitation systems, in particular for what concerns sewage sludge treatment. Moreover, Organic fraction from selective collection of municipal solid waste is still missing, since it is disposed of directly to landfill, increasing environmental pollution and contributing considerably to global warming. As a result,…

Aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill sludges

1997

The feasibility of aerobic vessel composting and anaerobic digestion for the treatment of pulp and paper mill sludges were studied. The composting studies made use of primary and secondary sludge from a de-inking and paper mill. In six parallely aerated 500 1 vessels with various carbon : nitrogen (C:N) -ratios, the most optimal performance was obtained with C:N -ratios of c. 22–35, while higher and lower ratios delayed the temperature increase. With the optimal ratios, the thermophilic stage was reached within 36 h, and the stage lasted for about seven days. In the scale-up study (18 m3 compost vessel), the thermophilic stage was reached within 24 h. An effective dehydratation of the mass …

A contribution to the study of staling of white bread: effect of water and hydrocolloid

1996

Abstract Staling of white bread at ambient temperature was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. During storage, sample hydration varied slightly, from 0 to 0.4% per day, depending on packaging conditions. An increase in rigidity was observed, which was attributed both to starch retrogradation and to changes in the organization of the amorphous part of crumb. The glass transition temperature of crumb was not significantly modified by these structural changes. Hydrocolloids did not affect the overall shape of the viscoelastic behavior of crumb in the temperature range from −40°C to 80°C, and had a limited influence on the kinetics of starch …

Development of anode supported Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells running in air/methane mixture

2013

International audience; Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SCFC) show a growing interest and are the concern of more and more papers. In such device, anode and cathode are ex-posed to a gas mixture of fuel (hydrocarbon) and oxidant (air) so that no more sealing with electrolyte is necessary. Their operating principle is based on the different catalytic activities of anode and cathode: Ideally, the anode has to be active for the oxidation of fuel while the cathode should present only a strong electro-activity for oxygen reduction. In this paper, we present the development of an anode supported SCFC device running in air/methane mixture characterized by their volume ratio, Rmix = CH4/O2.

Bi2Se3 Nanostructured Thin Films as Perspective Anodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

2022

This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund Project (ERDF) No. 1.1.1.1/19/A/139. Y.R. acknowledges the support of post-doctoral ERDF project No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/4/20/694. V.L. also acknowledges the support of “Strengthening of the capacity of doctoral studies at the University of Latvia within the framework of the new doctoral model”, identification No. 8.2.2.0/20/I/006. A.S. acknowledges the support from the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, which, as the Center of Excellence, has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

Paediatric solid oral dosage forms for combination products: Improving in vitro swallowability of minitablets using binary mixtures with pellets

2023

There is a growing interest in determining and improving the acceptability of solid oral dosage forms (SODF) in paediatric populations. Combination products can be an interesting solution to combine two active pharmaceutical ingredients. This study shows that binary mixture of paediatric SODF could enhance formulation swallowability and palatability. Using the Paediatric Soft Robotic Tongue (PSRT) – an in vitro device inspired by the anatomy and physiology of 2-year-old children – we investigated the oral phase of swallowing of multi-particulate formulations, i.e., pellets (350 and 700 µm particles), minitablets (MTs, 1.8 mm), and their binary mixtures (BM), by measuring the oral swallowing…

Isolation of organophosphorus-degrading bacteria from agricultural mediterranean soils

2010

Evaluation of potential biogas production in Sicily

2012

The aim of the present work is to predict the Sicilian potential biogas production, using the below unmarketable raw materials. The statistical data about OFMSW, the number of animals bred on medium and large farms and the amounts of by-products of food processing industries have been evaluated, in order to compute the potential biogas production and energy in the nine provinces of Sicily. In Sicily (Italy) 5.05 million inhabitants (2012), living in nine provinces, could produce 0.8 million tons of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) per year. At present only 0.07 million tons (3.17 % ca. of MSW) are actually treated (2010). This fraction would be one of the raw materials …

The Influence of Fruit Ripening Stage at Harvest and Storage Temperature on ‘Bianca di Bivona’ White Flesh Peaches

2015

‘Bianca di Bivona’ is a white-flesh peach cultivar, which ripens during the last week of July and the first of August. Its fruit are known because of their distinct flavor and aroma, which make them highly accepted, particularly in the local markets. However, nothing is known about their postharvest physiology and storage conditions. In order to investigate the effect of: (a) fruit ripening stage at harvest and, (b) storage temperatures, ‘Bianca di Bivona’ peaches were picked at mature-green, (60.0±1.3 N), and ripe stage (30.7 ± 2.1 N) determined by flesh firmness, and then stored at 0°C and 5°C (90% RH). Flesh firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, weight loss and DA index, me…