Search results for " STANDARDS"

From web 1.0 to web 4.0

2014

The Internet is active and very dynamic. It has enabled an unprecedented evolution in telematics and information systems, and in turn a global revolution in the use of technology and digital citizenry. Although many see the technologies that have driven this revolution as inventions of the past 1 to 2 decades, quite a few had their genesis before the Internet became mainstream. In exploring the history of the Internet, we see how it has facilitated innovations across all areas of technology and social life, and with a little imagination are perhaps able to get a glimpse of what is to come. A lot of technologies related to the Web environment have emerged in this area: Blogs, Wikis, Social N…

Following the WCAG 2.0 techniques: Experiences from designing a WCAG 2.0 checking tool

2012

Published version of a chapter in the book: Computers Helping People with Special Needs. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31522-0_63 This paper presents a conceptual analysis of how the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 and its accompanying documents can be used as a basis for the implementation of an automatic checking tool and the definition of a web accessibility metric. There are two major issues that need to be resolved to derive valid and reliable conclusions from the output of individual tests. First, the relationship of Sufficient Techniques and Common Failures has to be taken into account. Second, the logical combination of the…

Linking BIM and GIS Standard Ontologies with Linked Data

2020

International audience; Following the analysis of existing BIM and GIS standards, formats, differences in the interpretations of the underlying concepts have been identified. Still, in each of the two considered domains several ontologies have been defined for these terms without seeking an alignment among their definitions. With this scope in mind, this article presents several mappings expressed by means of explicit semantic links between GIS concepts (as present in the related ontologies for the ISO 191XX standard family) and BIM concepts (as represented in the IFC standard ISO 16739:2018). Such semantic mappings are defined in order to ensure a knowledge continuum between both domains, …

Le cône diamant

2010

The diamond cone was introduced by N. J. Wildberger for the Lie algebra sl(n;R). It is a combinatoric presentation for the space C[N] of polynomials functions on the nilpotent factor N in the Iwasawa decomposition of SL(n;R). This presentation describes the natural layering of this indecomposable N-module. This basis can be indexeded by using some semi standard Young tableaux. We realize the algebra C[N] as a quotient of the shape algebra S_ for SL(n;R). Let us call reduced shape algebra this quotient. It is possible to select a family of semi standard Young tableaux, the quasi standard tableaux, in such a manner to get a basis for the reduced shape algebra. In the present thesis, this cons…

TRIPS Agreement: From Minimum Standards to Double Standards of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in North-South Relations

2015

The WTO Trips agreement's basic objective of establishing minimum international standards for IP rights protection is based on a restrictive " one-fits-all " approach that denies the right to enact or not to enact intellectual property rights provisions to developing countries and least developed countries and restrict their ability to effectively adapt national laws to their own socioeconomic environment and development level. Developed countries had widely benefited from this privilege when no minimum binding standards of intellectual property existed in multilateral relations. The Trips agreement stabilizes the strong inequalities in terms of bargaining power between rich and poor countr…

Activating the implementers: The role of organizational expectations, teacher beliefs, and motivation in bringing about reform

2019

Abstract Internationally the research community has been seeking a deeper understanding about how to shape the work of educators over decades of educational reforms. This study attempts to contribute to this understanding by answering: “What motivates educators to implement the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)?” Using data from all school educators in one highly diverse school district in California and structural equation modeling to investigate the relationships between teachers' CCSS-related action and associated organizational and individual factors, findings suggest both organizational (expectation) and intrinsic (motivations and beliefs) factors are directly and indirectly influenci…

The need for standards in students’ grading

2009

Alignment between standardized assessments and academic standards: The case of the Saber Mathematics Test in Colombia

2013

In this study the concept of alignment is analyzed by presenting the results of a study that examines the degree of alignment between a standardized mathematics assessment and a set of academic standards. The alignment was examined using the Webb model and the results suggest that the degree of alignment between standardized assessments and academic content standards is not the most appropriate and therefore the results should be interpreted with great caution and stakeholders must be very careful with the type of decisions that are made based on the results of these types of assessments.

European Political Science and Global Knowledge

2018

In this chapter, the author maintains that rankings of universities and their social carriers participate in the relatively successful practical realization of the academic standards they seek to codify and of the shaping of reality according to the criteria they promote. In this sense, global university rankings are becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy, a prediction that becomes true through positive feedback of varying intensity. They have succeeded in establishing through quantitative objectification certain types of equivalences between scientific excellence and numerical indicators. The reasons for their success are their performative efficiency (‘scientific’, quantitative) and the prac…

Development of a European consensus from dentists, dental hygienists and physicians on a standard for oral health care in care-dependent older people…

2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to obtain a consensus on oral health policy, access to dental care, oral hygiene measures and training levels.BackgroundPoor oral health is widespread in care-dependent older people, but no consensus for a minimum standard of oral health care exists yet.MethodsThe e-Delphi approach was applied to a selected panel of interdisciplinary experts. Data analysis was based on three measurements: (a) ≥70% of experts’ opinion fall into category “agree or strongly agree,” (b) median score on the 5-point Likert scale ≥4, (c) interquartile range ≤1.ResultsA total of 31 experts from 17 European countries participated in this survey. Agreement was achieved for a compulsory dent…