Search results for " STEM"
showing 10 items of 2170 documents
Olive Oil–Based Lipid Emulsion's Neutral Effects on Neutrophil Functions and Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interactions
2006
Infection remains a drawback of parenteral nutrition (PN), probably related, among other factors, to immunosuppressive effects of its lipid component. Newer preparations may have lesser immunosuppressive impact. This study examines the effects of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion (long-chain triacylglycerols-monounsaturated fatty acids [LCT-MUFA]; ClinOleic) on various functions of human neutrophils in vitro and on rat leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo compared with LCT (Intralipid) and 50% LCT-50% medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT; Lipofundin) mixture.Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were incubated with concentrations (0.03-3 mmol/L) of lipid emulsions encompassing c…
Utility of post mortem computed tomography in clivus fracture diagnosis. Case illustration and literature review
2017
Clivus fractures are usually associated with head blunt trauma due to traffic accident and falls. A 23 - year-old man died immediately after a smash-up while he was stopping on his motorcycle. Post-mortem Computed tomography (PMCT), performed before autopsy, revealed a complex basilar skull base fractures associated with brainstem and cranio-vertebral junction injuries, improving the diagnostic performance of conventional autopsy. Imaging data were re-assessable and PMCT offers the possibility to perform multiplanar and volume rendered reconstructions, increasing forensic medicine knowledge related to traumatic injuries.
Preserving the abductor mechanism in robotic THR: the influence of stem design and cutterpath.
2004
The tip of the greater trochanter is the attachment site for the abductor muscles of the hip joint. Its preservation in robotic and conventional THR is important for normal gait. The effect of different stem designs and robotic cutterpaths on the preservation of the trochanter tip is examined.One anatomical stem, one straight stem, and one stem specifically designed for robotic THR were implanted virtually in CT scans of osteoarthrotic hip joints using the Torch preoperative planning unit (URS-ortho). In transverse sections of the trochanter tip, dimensions of the trochanter area removed by the milling tool were recorded for each stem design and different cutterpaths (3-axis versus 5-axis m…
In Vitro-Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells Give Rise to Male Gametes that Can Generate Offspring Mice
2006
SummaryMale gametes originate from a small population of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). These cells are believed to divide infinitely and to support spermatogenesis throughout life in the male. Here, we developed a strategy for the establishment of SSC lines from embryonic stem (ES) cells. These cells are able to undergo meiosis, are able to generate haploid male gametes in vitro, and are functional, as shown by fertilization after intracytoplasmic injection into mouse oocytes. Resulting two-cell embryos were transferred into oviducts, and live mice were born. Six of seven animals developed to adult mice. This is a clear indication that male gametes derived in vitro from ES cells by this…
Gentamicin alters Akt-expression and its activation in the guinea pig cochlea
2015
Gentamicin treatment induces hair cell death or survival in the inner ear. Besides the well-known toxic effects, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway was found to be involved in cell protection. After gentamicin application, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Akt and its activated form (p-Akt) were determined in male guinea pigs. A single dose of 0.1 mL gentamicin (4 mg/ear/animal) was intratympanically injected. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded prior to application and 1, 2 and 7 days afterward. At these three time points the cochleae (n=10 in each case) were removed, transferred to fixative and embedded in paraffin. Seven ears were used as u…
Uptake and cytotoxicity of citrate-coated gold nanospheres : comparative studies on human endothelial and epithelial cells
2012
Abstract Background The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for diagnostic applications and for drug and gene-delivery is currently under intensive investigation. For such applications, biocompatibility and the absence of cytotoxicity of AuNPs is essential. Although generally considered as highly biocompatible, previous in vitro studies have shown that cytotoxicity of AuNPs in certain human epithelial cells was observed. In particular, the degree of purification of AuNPs (presence of sodium citrate residues on the particles) was shown to affect the proliferation and induce cytotoxicity in these cells. To expand these studies, we have examined if the effects are related to nanoparticle size (1…
Recovery of Varicella-Zoster Virus–Specific T Cell Immunity after T Cell–Depleted Allogeneic Transplantation Requires Symptomatic Virus Reactivation
2008
Abstract Reactivated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes herpes zoster and commonly occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Because VZV-specific T cell immunity is essential to prevent virus reactivation, we developed an interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay for the sensitive detection of VZV-reactive T cells at the single-cell level ex vivo. We used this assay to monitor the frequency of VZV-reactive T cells in 17 seropositive patients during the first year after T cell–depleted allo-HSCT. The patients did not receive anti-herpesvirus prophylaxis after stem cell engraftment. Independent of the magnitude of transferred d…
Umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults with advanced hodgkin's disease: high incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease
2016
We report the outcome of 30 consecutive patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) who underwent single-unit UCBT. Most (90%) patients had failed previous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The conditioning regimens were based on combinations of thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide or fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. The cumulative incidence (CI) of myeloid engraftment was 90% [95% confidence interval (C.I.), 74-98%] with a median of 18 d (range, 10-48). CI of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) grades II-IV was 30% (95% C.I., 17-44%), while the incidence of chronic GVHD was 42% (95% C.I., 23-77%). The non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 d and 4 yr was 30% (95% C.I., 13-4…
Distribution of the hematopoietic growth factor G-CSF and its receptor in the adult human brain with specific reference to Alzheimer's disease
2013
The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), being a member of the hematopoietic growth factor family, is also critically involved in controlling proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Treatment with G-CSF has been shown to result in substantial neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in various experimental models of acute and chronic diseases of the central nervous system. Although G-CSF has been tested in a clinical study for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is only fragmentary data on the distribution of this cytokine and its receptor in the human brain. Therefore, the present study was focused on the immunohistochemical analysis of the protein expr…
Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early embryonic development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.
2002
Summary Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) is a Ca 2+ -dependent adhesion molecule of desmosomes and is synthesized in all desmosome-bearing tissues from their earliest appearance onward. To examine the function of Dsg2, its gene was inactivated by homologous recombination in embryonal stem (ES) cells for the generation of knockout mice. DSG2 −/− mice and a considerable number of DSG2 +/− mice died at or shortly after implantation. On the other hand, DSG2 −/− blastocysts developed an apparently normal trophectoderm layer, the first tissue known to produce desmosomes, and hatched properly. Immunofluorescence analyses of these blastocysts showed, however, that the distribution of the desmosomal plaque prote…