Search results for " STEM"
showing 10 items of 2170 documents
Paraoxonase-2 alters hematopoietic stem cell differentiation through redox signalling
2017
Influence of interferon-alpha on cytokine expression by the bone marrow microenvironment--impact on treatment of myeloproliferative disorders.
1996
Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are characterized by several common clinical and biological features, although at the molecular level, each disease entity exhibits distinct abnormalities. IFN-alpha exerts beneficial therapeutic effects in chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, resulting in control of hematopoietic hyperplasia and, in a minority of patients, in induction of cytogenetic remission. The mechanism of action of IFN-alpha in MPD is poorly defined. Recently published in vitro findings suggest that IFN-alpha interacts with the regulation of hematopoiesis by multiple ways. Its antiproliferative activity is well known for more than a decade, …
Molecular principles of cancer invasion and metastasis (Review)
2009
The main threat and the reason for most cancer deaths are not the primary neoplasias, but secondary tumors, the metastases. Drastic phenotypic and biochemical changes occur during the metamorphosis of a normal tissue cell into an invasive cancer cell. These alterations concern various areas such as growth factor signaling, cell-cell adhesion, gene expression, motility or cell shape. Cancer cells of epithelial origin can even shed their typical qualities and characteristics and adopt a mesenchymal-like phenotype. This is often referred to as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Various oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and metastasis suppressor genes are known to affect the invasiveness and…
Interleukin-6 and the soluble interleukin-6 receptor induce stem cell factor and Flt-3L expression in vivo and in vitro.
2001
Abstract Objective We recently established transgenic animals expressing either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) alone, or both components, IL-6 and the sIL-6R, in the liver. This animal model demonstrated that the expression of IL-6 in combination with its sIL-6R led to extramedullary expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the spleen and liver. Materials and Methods We studied other relevant hematopoietic cytokines involved in the IL-6/sIL-6R–induced stimulation of hematopoiesis. Results Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that cell-associated stem cell factor (SCF) and Flt-3L expression were upregulated in liver and spleen only in double transgenic mice…
Abstract 3193: Development of a colon cancer model system reveals epithelial contribution to poor-prognosis gene signatures
2016
Abstract Background: Recent consensus on molecular classification categorizes colorectal cancer (CRC) into 4 robust subtypes: CMS1 (epithelial-MSI), CMS2 (epithelial-canonical), CMS3 (epithelial-metabolic) and CMS4 (mesenchymal)1. CMS4 is linked to poor cancer prognosis and characterized by mesenchymal and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression2,3. Recent attempts to deconvolute the transcriptome from CRC tumors have suggested that the mesenchymal gene expression results from a large stromal compartment and is not due to epithelial cells with EMT-like features4,5. This challenges the classic notion that tumor cells activate the EMT program to undergo trans-differentiatio…
Tumor and its microenvironment: a synergistic interplay.
2013
The mutual and interdependent interaction between tumor and its microenvironment is a crucial topic in cancer research. Recently, it was reported that targeting stromal events could improve efficacies of current therapeutics and prevent metastatic spreading. Tumor microenvironment is a "complex network" of different cell types, soluble factors, signaling molecules and extracellular matrix components, which orchestrate the fate of tumor progression. As by definition, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be the unique cell type able to maintain tumor mass and survive outside the primary tumor at metastatic sites. Being exposed to environmental stressors, including reactive oxygen species …
Abstract 3015: Precise investigation of cancer stem cells in mouse glioblastoma
2018
Abstract In this study, we employ mouse models to investigate features and roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in glioblastoma (GBM). A nestin-TK-GFP transgene is firstly used to label CSCs in a fully penetrant mouse model of GBM (M7: hGFAP-Cre; Nf1fl/+; p53fl/fl; Ptenfl/+). Food-mediated ganciclovir (GCV) delivery kills proliferative transgene positive cells and significantly prolongs the lives of the transgene bearing mice. Isolation and transplantation of the tumor cells indicates the GFP+ cells are more tumorigenic than the GFP- cells. We then generate and characterize a novel transgene (CGD: nestin-CreERT2-H2BeGFP-hDTR) that labels all the neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricul…
Abstract 1918: Gene characterization of lung-tumorspheres for their usage as an in vitro screening platform for testing new therapeutic strategies
2017
Abstract Background: Lung cancer features like treatment resistance or tumor relapse have been linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with self-renewal properties, and the ability to grow forming tumorspheres in non-adherent conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize tumorspheres from lung cancer cell lines and tumor tissue from resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to use them as an in vitro platform for drug screening. Methods: This study was performed on cells from seven NSCLC tumor samples and five cell lines (H1650, H1993, H1395, A549 and PC9) grown in monolayer and as spheroids. The expression of 60 genes, including CSC-ma…
Abstract 1907: Claudin 6 is a carcinoembryonic antigen with cancer stem cell marker features
2018
Abstract Background Claudin 6 (CLDN6) is a tight junction membrane protein whose expression in normal tissue is confined to embryonic cells, but is aberrantly expressed in various human cancers, such as ovarian cancer (OC) and testicular cancer (TC). A monoclonal antibody against CLDN6, IMAB027, has shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical human CLDN6-positive (CLDN6+) cancer models. In this series of nonclinical studies, we investigated CLDN6 expression in normal and cancer tissues, as well as the localization and possible function of CLDN6 in cancer cells. Methods Expression of CLDN6 was assessed in a wide range of human tissues (eg, lung, colon, skin, ovary) and cultured cells b…
A gene expression signature to characterize human lung adenocarcinoma cancer stem cells.
2018
e20547Background: Treatment resistance is linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of cells with the ability to grow as spheres in non-adherent conditions. The aim of ...