Search results for " STEM"
showing 10 items of 2170 documents
The effects of shock wave stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells on proliferation, migration, and differentiation in an injectable gelatin matrix for …
2020
The treatment of a variety of defects in bony sites could benefit from mitogenic stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells, including endogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), and from provision of such cells with a matrix permissive of their migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. That such MSC stimulation could result from treatment with noninvasive (extracorporeal) shock waves (ESWs), and the matrix delivered by injection could enable this therapeutic approach to be employed for applications in which preformed scaffolds and growth factor therapy are difficult to deploy. The objectives of the present study were to investigate focused ESWs for their effect…
Hospital and outpatient models for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A systematic review of comparative studies for health outcomes, experienc…
2021
The number of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations has risen in the past 20 years. The practice of outpatient Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation programs is increasing in an attempt to improve the quality of patient care and reduce the demand for hospital admission. A systematic review of 29 comparative studies between in-hospital and outpatient treatment of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, with no restriction by outpatient regime was conducted. This study aims to analyse the current evidence on the effects of the outpatient model on patient-centred outcomes, comparing both in-hospital and outpatient models for autologous and allogeneic HSCT using the Triple Aim framework: …
The stem cell concept in sponges (Porifera): Metazoan traits.
2006
Sponges are considered the oldest living animal group and provide important insights into the earliest evolutionary processes in the Metazoa. This paper reviews the evidence that sponge stem cells have essential roles in cellular specialization, embryogenesis and Bauplan formation. Data indicate that sponge archaeocytes not only represent germ cells but also totipotent stem cells. Marker genes have been identified which are expressed in totipotent stem cells and gemmule cells. Furthermore, genes are described for the three main cell lineages in sponge, which share a common origin from archaeocytes and result in the differentiation of skeletal, epithelial, and contractile cells.
Wnt signaling recruits KIF2A to the spindle to ensure chromosome congression and alignment during mitosis
2021
Canonical Wnt signaling plays critical roles in development and tissue renewal by regulating β-catenin target genes. Recent evidence showed that β-catenin–independent Wnt signaling is also required for faithful execution of mitosis. However, the targets and specific functions of mitotic Wnt signaling still remain uncharacterized. Using phosphoproteomics, we identified that Wnt signaling regulates the microtubule depolymerase KIF2A during mitosis. We found that Dishevelled recruits KIF2A via its N-terminal and motor domains, which is further promoted upon LRP6 signalosome formation during cell division. We show that Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, which is critical for K…
Regulated segregation of kinase Dyrk1A during asymmetric neural stem cell division is critical for EGFR-mediated biased signaling.
2010
SummaryStem cell division can result in two sibling cells exhibiting differential mitogenic and self-renewing potential. Here, we present evidence that the dual-specificity kinase Dyrk1A is part of a molecular pathway involved in the regulation of biased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in the progeny of dividing neural stem cells (NSC) of the adult subependymal zone (SEZ). We show that EGFR asymmetry requires regulated sorting and that a normal Dyrk1a dosage is required to sustain EGFR in the two daughters of a symmetrically dividing progenitor. Dyrk1A is symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed during mitosis, and biochemical analyses indicate that it prevents endocyto…
The Embryonic Central Nervous System Lineages ofDrosophila melanogaster
1996
In Drosophila, central nervous system (CNS) formation starts with the delamination from the neuroectoderm of about 30 neuroblasts (NBs) per hemisegment. They give rise to approximately 350 neurons and 30 glial cells during embryonic development. Understanding the mechanisms leading to cell fate specification and differentiation in the CNS requires the identification of the NB lineages. The embryonic lineages derived from 17 NBs of the ventral part of the neuroectoderm have previously been described (Bossing et al., 1996). Here we present 13 lineages derived from the dorsal part of the neuroectoderm and we assign 12 of them to identified NBs. Together, the 13 lineages comprise approximately …
Vascular niche factor PEDF modulates Notch-dependent stemness in the adult subependymal zone.
2009
We sought to address the fundamental question of how stem cell microenvironments can regulate self-renewal. We found that Notch was active in astroglia-like neural stem cells (NSCs), but not in transit-amplifying progenitors of the murine subependymal zone, and that the level of Notch transcriptional activity correlated with self-renewal and multipotency. Moreover, dividing NSCs appeared to balance renewal with commitment via controlled segregation of Notch activity, leading to biased expression of known (Hes1) and previously unknown (Egfr) Notch target genes in daughter cells. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) enhanced Notch-dependent transcription in cells with low Notch signaling,…
Multiple sclerosis patient-derived CSF induces transcriptional changes in proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitors.
2014
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in contact with brain parenchyma and ventricles, and its composition might influence the cellular physiology of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) thereby contributing to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. Objective: To identify the transcriptional changes that distinguish the transcriptional response induced in proliferating rat OPCs upon exposure to CSF from primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and other neurological controls. Methods: We performed gene microarray analysis of OPCs exposed to CSF from neurological controls, or definitive RRMS or PPMS disease course. R…
A Safe and Effective Magnetic Labeling Protocol for MRI-Based Tracking of Human Adult Neural Stem Cells
2019
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a unique tool for in vivo visualization and tracking of stem cells in the brain. This is of particular importance when assessing safety of experimental cell treatments in the preclinical or clinical setup. Yet, specific imaging requires an efficient and non-perturbing cellular magnetic labeling which precludes adverse effects of the tag, e.g., the impact of iron-oxide-nanoparticles on the critical differentiation and integration processes of the respective stem cell population investigated. In this study we investigated the effects of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (VSOP) labeling on viability, stemness, and neuronal differentiatio…
Extracellular Vesicles from Neural Stem Cells Transfer IFN-γ via Ifngr1 to Activate Stat1 Signaling in Target Cells
2014
The idea that stem cell therapies work only via cell replacement is challenged by the observation of consistent intercellular molecule exchange between the graft and the host. Here we defined a mechanism of cellular signaling by which neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) communicate with the microenvironment via extracellular vesicles (EVs), and we elucidated its molecular signature and function. We observed cytokine-regulated pathways that sort proteins and mRNAs into EVs. We described induction of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) pathway in NPCs exposed to proinflammatory cytokines that is mirrored in EVs. We showed that IFN-γ bound to EVs through Ifngr1 activates Stat1 in target cells. Finally, we…