Search results for " STRESS"
showing 10 items of 3936 documents
Apoptosis: focus on sea urchin development
2009
It has been proposed that the apoptosis is an essential requirement for the evolution of all animals, in fact the apoptotic program is highly conserved from nematodes to mammals. Throughout development, apoptosis is employed by multicellular organisms to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells. Here, we will discuss both developmental programmed cell death (PCD) under normal conditions and stress induced apoptosis, in sea urchin embryos. Sea urchin represent an excellent model system for studying embryogenesis and cellular processes involved in metamorphosis. PCD plays an essential role in sculpting and remodelling the embryos and larvae undergoing metamorphosis. Moreover, this marine organi…
Ethanol-Mediated Stress Promotes Autophagic Survival and Aggressiveness of Colon Cancer Cells via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
2019
Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic alcohol consumption is a lifestyle risk factor strongly associated with colorectal cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on survival and progression of three different colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT29, and Caco-2). Our data showed that EtOH induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as demonstrated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ER stress markers Grp78, ATF6, PERK and, CHOP increase. Moreover, EtOH triggers an autophagic response which is accompanied by the upregulation of beclin, LC3-II, ATG7, and p62 proteins. The addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl…
Regulation of endothelial-type NO synthase expression in pathophysiology and in response to drugs.
2002
In many types of cardiovascular pathophysiology such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, diabetes, cigarette smoking, or hypertension (with its sequelae stroke and heart failure) the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is altered. Both up- and downregulation of eNOS have been observed, depending on the underlying disease. When eNOS is upregulated, the upregulation is often futile and goes along with a reduction in bioactive NO. This is due to an increased production of superoxide generated by NAD(P)H oxidase and by an uncoupled eNOS. A number of drugs with favorable effects on cardiovascular disease upregulate eNOS expression. The resulting increase in vascular NO producti…
Cardiovascular effects and molecular targets of resveratrol
2012
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenol phytoalexin present in a variety of plant species and has been implicated to explain the health benefits of red wine. A wide range of health beneficial effects have been demonstrated for resveratrol in animal studies. In this review, we summarize the cardiovascular effects of resveratrol with emphasis on the molecular targets of the compound. In this regard, resveratrol stimulates endothelial production of nitric oxide, reduces oxidative stress, inhibits vascular inflammation and prevents platelet aggregation. In animal models of cardiovascular disease, resveratrol protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury, reduces blo…
WIN 55,212-2, agonist of cannabinoid receptors, prevents amyloid β1-42 effects on astrocytes in primary culture
2015
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative illness involving synaptic dysfunction with extracellular accumulation of Aβ1-42 toxic peptide, glial activation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, can lead to neuronal death. Endogenous cannabinoid system is implicated in physiological and physiopathological events in central nervous system (CNS), and changes in this system are related to many human diseases, including AD. However, studies on the effects of cannabinoids on astrocytes functions are scarce. In primary cultured astrocytes we studied cellular viability using MTT assay. Inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators were determined by ELISA and Western-blot techniques both in…
Monitoring Yield and Fruit quality parameters in Open-Canopy Tree crops under Water Stress. Implications for ASTER
2007
Work on water stress detection at tree and orchard levels using a high-spatial airborne thermal sensor is presented, showing its connection with yield and some fruit quality indicators in olive and peach commercial orchards under different irrigation regimes. Two airborne campaigns were conducted with the Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) over olive and peach orchards located in Córdoba, southern Spain. The AHS sensor was flown at three different times on 25 July 2004 and 16 July 2005, collecting 2 m spatial resolution imagery in 80 spectral bands in the 0.43– 12.5 μm spectral range. Thermal bands were assessed for the retrieval of land surface temperature using the split-window algorith…
Laboratory Measurements of Flow and Turbulence in Discontinuous Distributions of Ligulate Seagrass
2007
Turbulent flow characteristics were investigated in laboratory flume studies of a ligulate plant canopy interrupted by a gap representing discontinuities observed in seagrass prairies. The reliability of velocity measurements obtained using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter within the canopy was shown using specifically designed experiments. In relatively fast flow (mean velocity 5.5 cm s−1), the mean flow profile was logarithmic above the canopy, had an inflection point near its top, and uniformly low values within it. Within the gap, a recirculation cell formed. Reynolds stress maxima were approximately coincident with the mean flow inflection point. Quadrant analysis revealed an ejection-d…
Assessment of MODIS imagery to track light-use efficiency in a water-limited Mediterranean pine forest
2012
Abstract Daily values of gross primary production ( GPP ) derived from an eddy-covariance flux tower have been used to analyze the information content of the MODIS Photochemical Reflectance Index ( PRI ) on the light-use efficiency ( e ). The study has been conducted in a Mediterranean Pinus pinaster forest showing summer water stress. Advanced processing techniques have been used to analyze the effect of various external factors on e and PRI temporal variations. The intra-annual correlation between these two variables has been found to be mostly attributable to concurrent variations in sun and view zenith angles. The PRI has been normalized from these angular effects ( NPRI ), and its abil…
Effect of water stress on dry matter accumulation and partitioning in pot-grown olive trees (cv Leccino and Racioppella)
2013
Abstract Three different water regimes were applied on young pot-grown olive trees of the cultivars Leccino and Racioppella, amounting to 100% (treatment T100), 50% (treatment T50) and 25% (treatment T25) of water transpiration as determined by pot weight. During the two-year trial the following parameters were measured: midday stem water potential, shoots growth, total leaf area per tree, dry matter accumulation and partitioning in different parts of the plant (root, wood, leaves and fruits). Dry matter was affected by the water regime and cultivar. The cv Leccino, for T100, displayed a greater accumulation of total dry matter and fruit dry matter, while these two parameters were greatly r…
Assessing Canopy PRI for Water Stress detection with Diurnal Airborne Imagery
2008
Soil Moisture Experiments 2004 (SMEX04) Special Issue