Search results for " STRESS"

Social defeat and subordination as models of social stress in laboratory rodents: A review

1998

This paper is a review of the main research topics currently investigated in laboratory rodents using the stress of defeat or subordination as ethologically relevant models of social stress. First, the main characteristics of the resident/intruder paradigm and the colony models are given. Second, a general description of the behavioral, neuroendocrinological, physiological, neurochemical, neurological, and immunological responses found with these models, and their temporal dynamics, are discussed. Finally, the studies carried out that compare the response induced by social stress with that observed with more conventional models are also reviewed. It is concluded that these animal models of …

Influences of Relatedness, Food Deprivation, and Sex on Adult Behaviors in the Group-living Insect Forficula auricularia

2014

The evolution of group living is generally associated with the emergence of social behaviors that ensure fitness benefits to group members. However, the expression of these behaviors may depend on group composition, which can vary over time with respect to sex, starvation status, and relatedness. Here, we investigated (1) whether adults of the group-living European earwig, Forficula auricularia, show cooperative behaviors toward conspecifics and (2) whether sex, food availability, and relatedness shape the nature and frequency of these behaviors. We conducted a full-factorial experiment using 108 unisexual pairs of adults, in which we manipulated these three factors and video-recorded the e…

Can biomedical and cognitive enhancement increase psychological resilience?

2021

Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse

2021

The immune system provides the first line of the organism’s defenses, working to maintain homeostasis against external threats and respond also to internal danger signals. There is much evidence to suggest that modifications of inflammatory parameters are related to vulnerability to develop mental illnesses, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. In addition, not only are inflammatory parameters related to these disorders, but stress also induces the activation of the immune system, as recent preclinical research demonstrates. Social stress activates the immune response in the central nervous system through a number of mechanisms; for example, by promoting m…

Social Stress Induces Blood-Brain Barrier Leakiness and Molecular Alterations Promoting Depression or Stress Resilience

2020

Correction: Indomethacin blocks the increased conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine induced by repeated social defeat

2019

It is well established that repeated social defeat stress can induce negative long-term consequences such as increased anxiety-like behavior and enhances the reinforcing effect of psychostimulants in rodents. In the current study, we evaluated how the immune system may play a role in these long-term effects of stress. A total of 148 OF1 mice were divided into different experimental groups according to stress condition (exploration or social defeat) and pre-treatment (saline, 5 or 10 mg/kg of the anti-inflammatory indomethacin) before each social defeat or exploration episode. Three weeks after the last social defeat, anxiety was evaluated using an elevated plus maze paradigm. After this tes…

Uztvertais stress un sociālais atbalsts pirmā kursa studentiem

2016

Šī pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot, vai saņemtais sociālais atbalsts saistās ar uztvertā stresa līmeni. Pētījumā piedalījās 120 Latvijas universitātes pirmā kursa studenti no četriem studiju virzieniem – psiholoģijas, medicīnas, fizikas un jurisprudences bakalaura programmas. Pētījumā tika pielietotas divas aptaujas. Pirmā ir “Uztvertā stresa skala” aptauja (PSS- Perceived Stress Scale, Cohen, Kamarc & Mermelstein, 1983), Latvijā aptauju adaptējusi Stokenberga I., 2002. Otrā aptauja ir “Saņemtā sociālā atbalsta skala” (MSPSS- Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988), Latvijā aptauju adaptējusi Voitkāne, S. & Miezīte, S., (2001). Pēc pētījuma veikšanas …

Relationships Between Ethnic Identity, Ethnic Attitudes, and Acculturative Stress in Tunisian Individuals in Early and Middle Adolescence

2016

Framed from an integrative approach, the current article examined the associations between ethnic identity exploration (EIE), ethnic identity commitment (EIC), and acculturative stress by investigating the mediating role of ethnic attitudes (i.e., in-group favoritism and out-group derogation) in these relationships. Additionally, the moderating role of age was analyzed. A multiple-group path analysis was performed on data collected from 256 Tunisians in early and 248 in middle adolescence living in Italy, which is an interesting and understudied immigrant group characterized by similarities and differences with the host population. In younger adolescents, EIE and EIC were indirectly and po…

Maternal Affection Moderates the Associations Between Parenting Stress and Early Adolescents’ Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior

2019

The present study investigated the role of parenting stress in early adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing behavior and, particularly, the moderating effect of maternal affection on these associations. The data of 992 early adolescents ([Formula: see text]; 454 girls) and their mothers during the transition from primary school to lower secondary school were analyzed. The results showed that when maternal affection was low, parenting stress was not related to the changes in early adolescents’ externalizing or internalizing behavior. In contrast, when maternal affection was high, low parenting stress related to a decrease and high parenting stress to an increase in such behavior. The …

Longitudinal Leisure Activity Profiles and Their Associations with Recovery Experiences and Job Performance

2017

We aimed to identify longitudinal leisure activity profiles among working adults and their links to recovery experiences and job performance. Leisure activities, recovery experiences, and job performance were investigated among 831 employees using survey data collected in spring 2013 (T1) and 2014 (T2). Through latent profile analysis (LPA), four stable longitudinal leisure activity profiles were identified. “Social Sports(wo)men” (46%) engaged in physical and social activities but rarely in creative or cultural activities. “Active Artists” (23%) pursued all leisure activities, particularly creative activities. “Socially & Culturally Inactives” (17%) exercised frequently but seldom engaged …