Search results for " STRESS"
showing 10 items of 3936 documents
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis a modulator of cadmium stress
2008
International audience; Ecosystems are submitted to various abiotic stresses, among which heavy metals represent major industrial pollutants. Cadmium (Cd), that has damaging effects on plant metabolism, occurs in agricultural environments through industrial pollution and human activities, including phosphate fertiliser and sewage sludge applications. Metal availability to plants can be modulated by soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In the present work, Cd effects on the model legume Medicago truncatula inoculated or not with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices have been studied at 3 levels: (1) plant biomass production together with green part chlorophyll quantif…
Root growth and development under heat and water stresses: a comparative study determining independent and combined effects in four grain legume spec…
2018
International audience; hanks to their ability to fix atmospheric dinitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, grain legumes provide a sustainable way to ensure food and nutritional security. Unfortunately, these crops are highly susceptible to environmental constraints such as heat or water stresses which leads to fluctuating yields as compared to cereals. In the context of climate change, more frequent episodes of heat stress, concomitant (or not) with water stress are expected. This emphasizes the need to identify key plant traits towards a better yield stability under stressful conditions.
Liquid ordered domains of tobacco cell plasma membrane : in vivo visualization, spatial distribution and modulation upon elicitation
2012
SPE IPM; International audience; The ability of lipids in complex mixtures to form liquid-ordered, sterol-rich phases, together with the association of specific proteins with sterol-enriched biochemical fractions extracted from biological membranes, gave raise to the "lipid rafts" hypothesis. This suggests the presence within biological membranes of small-sized, ordered domains, of particular lipid and protein composition, which could serve as signal transduction platforms, particularly during plant-microorganisms interactions. However, the precise organization of living cell plasma membrane is still poorly described and the spatial distribution of segregating liquid-disordered and liquid-o…
Impact of stresses associated to climate changes on natural and induced grapevine resistance to pathogens
2013
France is a worldwide leader in grape production and has to face global changes including climate evolution and transitions towards sustainable systems of production. One major problem in viticulture is indeed the high susceptibility of most of the grown cultivars to cryptogamic diseases, such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). Maintaining a satisfactory health status of grapevine currently requires numerous fungicide treatments. However, in an objective of sustainable viticulture, there is increasing societal request, winegrower awareness, and political incitation to reduce this use of pesticides. For these reasons, alternative strategies of protection are currently investigated at the…
Démarches de biologie intégrative pour la compréhension des flux de carbone, azote et eau dans la plante
2021
Les démarches de biologie intégrative, qui ont constitué le fil rouge de l’ensemble de mes travaux de recherche ont été abordées au sein de deux Axes Thématiques principaux : un axe concernant la qualité des produits récoltés et un axe concernant la valorisation des interactions plante-microorganismes favorisant le prélèvement des ressources azotées en conditions hydriques fluctuantes. C’est sur ce dernier axe que je travaille depuis mon recrutement en tant que Chargée de Recherche au sein de l’UMR Agroécologie. Cette approche de biologie intégrative (multi-disciplinaire et multi-échelle) me permet de hiérarchiser les processus écophysiologiques, métaboliques et moléculaires qui pourront êt…
Sulfate transporters in the plant’s response to drought and salinity: regulation and possible functions
2014
International audience; Drought and salinity are two frequently combined abiotic stresses that affect plant growth, development, and crop productivity. Sulfate, and molecules derived from this anion such as glutathione, play important roles in the intrinsic responses of plants to such abiotic stresses. Therefore, understanding how plants facing environmental constraints re-equilibrate the flux of sulfate between and within different tissues might uncover perspectives for improving tolerance against abiotic stresses. In this review, we took advantage of genomics and post-genomics resources available in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the model legume species Medicago truncatula to highlight and …
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
2016
Seuls les 100 premiers auteurs dont les auteurs INRA ont été entrés dans la notice. La liste complète des auteurs et de leurs affiliations est accessible sur la publication.; International audience; In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues…
Acetāta iespējamā inhibējošā ietekme uz rauga Kluyveromyces marxianus metabolismu
2015
Vājās organiskās skābes spēj inhibēt mikroorganismu augšanu un metabolismu, tādējādi negatīvi ietekmējot biotehnoloģisko procesu efektivitāti. Veicot sūkalu fermentāciju ar raugu Kluyveromyces marxianus un novērojot acetāta uzkrāšanos fermentācijas vidē reizē ar augšanas un fermentācijas ātruma samazināšanos, tika nolemts izpētīt fermentācijās sasniedzamu acetāta koncentrāciju ietekmi uz šī rauga augšanu un metabolismu. Tika demonstrēta acetāta specifiskā inhibējošā iedarbība uz K. marxianus augšanu un metabolismu, kas izpaužas kā paildzināta lag fāze, lēnāka augšana, samazināts biomasas iznākums, traucēts enerģētiskais metabolisms un substrāta patēriņš, augot uz laktozes un galaktozes. Ace…
Regulation of protein cysteinylation and the inflammatory cascade by thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa in pancreas
2020
Although under physiological conditions ROS are essential for normal cell signaling, ROS overproduction under oxidative stress conditions may cause damage to biomolecules. Cysteine residues within proteins are often easily oxidized. Reversible cysteine oxidation is used as a mechanism of redox signaling and control of protein function. However, oxidative stress promotes oxidation of protein thiols, leading to the formation of mixed disulfides between proteins and low-molecular-weight thiols. Disulfide reductases such as thioredoxins can reduce disulfide bonds back to free thiols. Acute pancreatitis is currently one of the leading causes of hospital admission for gastrointestinal disorders, …
[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a consensus document].
2008
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by acute regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, frequently related to psycho-physical acute stress, and usually reversible. This rare syndrome involves more often the female sex with the highest frequency of occurrence between the seventh and eighth decade of life. Etiology has not been clarified yet and several hypotheses have been postulated: multiple epicardial coronary artery damage, abnormal coronary microcirculation, catecholamine-mediated cardiac toxicity, and neurogenic stunning. Clinical presentation is not easy to distinguish from an acute coronary syndrome: chest pain at rest or dyspnea, new-onset electrocardiogra…