Search results for " STRESS"
showing 10 items of 3936 documents
Advances in Targeting Signal Transduction Pathways
2012
// James A. McCubrey 1 , Linda S. Steelman 1 , William H. Chappell 1 , Lin Sun 1,2 , Nicole M. Davis 1 , Stephen L. Abrams 1 , Richard A. Franklin 1 , Lucio Cocco 3 , Camilla Evangelisti 4 , Francesca Chiarini 4 , Alberto M. Martelli 3,4 , Massimo Libra 5 , Saverio Candido 5 , Giovanni Ligresti 5 , Grazia Malaponte 5 , Maria C. Mazzarino 5 , Paolo Fagone 5 , Marco Donia 5 , Ferdinando Nicoletti 5 , Jerry Polesel 6 , Renato Talamini 6 , Jorg Basecke 7 , Sanja Mijatovic 8 , Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic 8 , Michele Milella 9 , Agostino Tafuri 10 , Joanna Dulinska-Litewka 11 , Piotr Laidler 11 , Antonio B. D’Assoro 12 , Lyudmyla Drobot 13 , Kazuo Umezawa 14 , Giuseppe Montalto 15 , Melchiorre Cer…
Dissecting the Mechanism of Action of Spiperone—A Candidate for Drug Repurposing for Colorectal Cancer
2022
Approximately 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients still die from recurrence and metastatic disease, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing is attracting increasing attention because, compared to traditional de novo drug discovery processes, it may reduce drug development periods and costs. Epidemiological and preclinical evidence support the antitumor activity of antipsychotic drugs. Herein, we dissect the mechanism of action of the typical antipsychotic spiperone in CRC. Spiperone can reduce the clonogenic potential of stem-like CRC cells (CRC-SCs) and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, in both differentiated and CRC-SCs, at clinically relevant co…
Cell Stress, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Cancer
2018
The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis (1). Mitochondria, beyond being the site of aerobic respiration, are at the crossroads of a variety of metabolic and signaling pathways resulting key regulatory organelles in cell life and death decision. Thus, it is no surprise that genomic, functional, and structural mitochondrial alterations have been associated with cancer and that mitochondria have become a pharmacological target in cancer…
Social stress under binge-like alcohol withdrawal in adolescence: evidence of cannabidiol effect on maladaptive plasticity in rats.
2022
Abstract Background Alcohol binge drinking may compromise the functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), i.e. the neural hub for processing reward and aversive responses. Methods As socially stressful events pose particular challenges at developmental stages, this research applied the resident–intruder paradigm as a model of social stress, to highlight behavioural neuroendocrine and molecular maladaptive plasticity in rats at withdrawal from binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescence. In search of a rescue agent, cannabidiol (CBD) was selected due to its favourable effects on alcohol- and stress-related harms. Results Binge-like alcohol exposed intruder rats displayed a compromised defensi…
Upscaling leaf gas exchange measurements to the whole grapevine canopy: An update
2009
This review first revisits current knowledge about single-leaf function, viz. photosynthesis, chiefly in relation to environmental factors, that underscores the importance of multiple summer stresses. Emphasis is placed on the response different genotypes show under light and heat stress with or without soil-water shortage. Secondly, it tackles the thorny issue of extrapolating single-leaf readings to the whole-canopy level, with special reference to both methodological and physiological implications. Whole-canopy gas-exchange systems deliver and emphasise the usefulness of such an approach in achieving key research goals. One case in point is quantifying the amount and dynamics of canopy g…
Role of biomarkers in monitoring antiblastic cardiotoxicity
2016
Early detection of anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity (CTX) has been evaluated by most international scientific cardiology and oncology societies. High expectations have been placed on the use of specific biomarkers. In recent years, conventional biomarkers and molecules of more recent interest have been tested and compared in the context of anticancer drug-related CTX. Encouraging results were obtained from studies on molecules of myocardial damage, such as troponin and markers of myocardial wall stress, including circulating natriuretic peptides, as well as from the assessment of the products of inflammation or circulating levels of free radicals. However, clear guidelines on their se…
Impact of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
2020
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. Among the well-known pathophysiologic factors, crucial roles are played by endothelial dysfunction (caused by oxidative stress and inflammation hyperglycemia-linked), increased activity of nuclear factor kB, altered macrophage polarization, and reduced synthesis of resident endothelial progenitor cells. As consequence, a potentially rapid progression of the atherosclerotic disease with a higher propensity to unstable plaque is arguable, finally leading to significantly increased cardiovascular mortality. Main managements are focused on both prevention and early diagnosis, by target…
Oxidative stress and small, dense low-density lipoproteins: current and future perspectives
2019
Small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are more susceptible to oxidation than their larger, more buoyant counterparts and therefore the biological modification of these LDL particles may, in part, be responsible for their atherogenic properties. Kotani et al. found that at multiple regression analysis there was an independent and significant inverse correlation between the mean LDL particle size and the oxidative stress status; notably, the authors adjusted not only for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but also for drug treatments. Higher levels of small, dense LDL concentrations significantly contribute to atherosclerosis, and lipoprotein size and subfractions may refine …
Parthenolide and Its Soluble Analogues: Multitasking Compounds with Antitumor Properties
2022
Due to its chemical properties and multiple molecular effects on different tumor cell types, the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide (PN) can be considered an effective drug with significant potential in cancer therapy. PN has been shown to induce either classic apoptosis or alternative caspase-independent forms of cell death in many tumor models. The therapeutical potential of PN has been increased by chemical design and synthesis of more soluble analogues including dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT). This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of both PN and analogues action in tumor models, highlighting their effects on gene expression, signal transduction and execution of different ty…
Identification of new members of metallothionein gene family in sea urchin
2011
Heavy metals are common marine pollutants that emanate from such sources as industrial and sewage treatment discharges and anti-fouling paints. Cadmium (Cd2+) serves no essential function in biological organisms and it is a highly toxic and carcinogenic metal. In Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos cadmium causes development arrest or severe malformations. At lower doses, cadmium activates different responses (HSPs synthesis, autophagic or apoptotic processes) that can allow embryo survival. This study was conducted to elucidate the gene transcription activation/upregulation or repression/downregulation inducted in sea urchin embryos grown under cadmium stress. Comparison between trans…