Search results for " SURVEILLANCE"
showing 10 items of 388 documents
(De)legitimating electronic surveillance : a critical discourse analysis of the Finnish news coverage of the Edward Snowden revelations
2017
In 2013, ex-National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden shocked the world by revealing the American NSA’s (and its partners’) extensive surveillance programs. The ensuing media discussion became a focal point for the justification and contestation of surveillance in the digital age. This article contributes to the growing body of literature on the discursive construction of surveillance, concentrating on how the practice is (de)legitimized. Methodologically, the paper draws on Critical Discourse Studies, applying the concept of discourse and utilizing insights from Van Leeuwen’s categories of legitimation and social actor representation. The data come from the media coverage of…
The seroepidemiology of pertussis in Australia during an epidemic period
2006
Studying the epidemiology of pertussis and impact of differing vaccine schedules is difficult because of differing methods of case ascertainment. The advent of internationally standardized serological diagnosis for recent infection has allowed comparison of age-specific pertussis infection among European countries and was applied in Australia at the time of a major national epidemic. In 1997 and 1998, a nationally representative serum bank using residual sera from diagnostic laboratories was established. Measurement of pertussis toxin (PT) IgG level was conducted by a reference laboratory using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay standardized for a number of European countries. A titre of …
Screening and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: perspective of a new era?
2016
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Early diagnosis of HCC is important since observational studies have reported that, in patients undergoing surveillance, cancer is diagnosed at an earlier stage with increased chances of curative therapies. Anyway, despite the extensive use of screening for HCC, its effectiveness is still a controversial topic since supporting evidence is not unequivocal and some issues need to be explored. Areas covered: The aim of this paper is to review main literature data supporting performance and effectiveness of screening for early detection …
Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma with a 3-months interval in “extremely high-risk” patients does not further improve survival
2022
Abstract Background An enhanced surveillance schedule has been proposed for cirrhotics with viral etiology, who are considered at extremely high-risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aims We compared the 3- and 6-months surveillance interval, evaluating cancer stage at diagnosis and patient survival. Methods Data of 777 HBV and HCV cirrhotic patients with HCC diagnosed under a 3-months (n = 109, 3MS group) or a 6-months (n = 668, 6MS group) surveillance were retrieved from the Italian Liver Cancer database. Survival in the 3MS group was considered as observed and adjusted for lead-time bias, and survival analysis was repeated after a propensity score matching. Results The 3-months surveil…
European evidence based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.
2013
Endoscopy plays an essential role in the diagnosis, management, prognosis, and surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but surprisingly there are few available guidelines.1,2 This prompted the ECCO Guidelines Committee (GuiCom) members to promote a Consensus on the appropriate indication and application of different endoscopic modalities in IBD. Since the development of guidelines is an expensive and time-consuming process, this Consensus may help to avoid duplication of effort in the future. It may also identify issues where the evidence is lacking and controlled studies are awaited. The strategy to reach the Consensus involved five steps: 1. Two members of the GuiCom (VA and RE)…
Hepatocellular cancer: optimal strategies for screening and surveillance.
2009
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging malignancy of global importance and is associated with a high rate of mortality. Individuals with chronic viral hepatitis and other forms of liver disease are at risk for developing HCC. The stage of cancer dictates the therapeutic choice, making early detection a primary objective. Many observational studies have reported that HCC is diagnosed at an earlier stage in patients who received surveillance. The guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases suggest that surveillance should be performed using ultrasonography at an interval of every 6–12 months. This interval is based upon mainly observational data and the exp…
Current epidemiology of HCV in Sicily: the RESIST-HCV model
2019
Background: Real-world data to guide hepatitis C virus (HCV)- related public health initiatives and linkage to care of patients are lacking in our region. Aims: To describe the epidemiological features of a large cohort of patients with chronic HCV infection from Sicily included in a regional network aimed at DAA treatment (RESIST-HCV). Methods: Demographic and clinical data were recorded on a web-based platform before starting treatment with DAAs. Gender, year of birth, HCV genotype, co-infections, stages of liver disease and co-morbidities were analyzed. Chi-square with Yates correc- tion was appliedto assess the differences between cohorts. Results: Overall, 15,270 patients were register…
Factores de rendimiento en el desplazamiento del tenista influenciados por el calzado. (Performance factors on tennis player displacements influenced…
2009
Los desplazamientos laterales son de gran importancia en el tenis. Sin embargo, no ha sido publicado ningun estudio sobre el efecto del calzado sobre el rendimiento en este tipo de movimientos. En el estudio participaron 5 jugadores habituales de tenis y se analizaron 10 calzados comerciales de tenis. El movimiento estudiado consistio en un desplazamiento lateral con parada y cambio de sentido, registrandose las fuerzas mediante una plataforma dinamometrica Dinascan-IBV y grabandose el movimiento con dos camaras de video S-VHS Panasonic WV-BL600. Los resultados de los ANOVAs realizados mostraron que algunas de las variables analizadas eran dependientes del calzado (p < 0.05). De estas, dest…
Proposal for an Alliance Between Healthcare and Legal Area Professionals for Shared Public Health and Preventive Strategies in Italy and Europe
2020
Following the implementation of the new Italian legislation on responsibility of healthcare workers, a multi-professional framework, involving representatives of the Italian public health professionals and legal professionals expert in the field, drafted a proposal of the actionable recommendations to be implemented in the management of civil and penal disputes arising from the practice of public health interventions. In order to prevent legal disputes concerning some public health fields such as vaccinations, cancer screening, environmental health surveillance, and hospital management, it should be primary taken into account to update guidelines in supporting decision-making processes, in …
Population-based cancer registries in Spain and their role in cancer control
2010
Abstract Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are a key element for cancer control. They measure cancer incidence and trends, provide indicators for planning and evaluating cancer control activities, and undertake research. The first two PBCRs in Spain were established in Zaragoza in 1960 and Navarre in 1970, but it was from 1980 to 1995 when most of the existing registries went into operation. Today, 26.5% of the Spanish population is served by a cancer registry. All registries’ quality-control indicators meet the inclusion criteria for comparability and quality of data required by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and indeed some fulfil most of the excellence criteria…