Search results for " Sampling"
showing 10 items of 375 documents
Active alkaline traps to determine acidic-gas ratios in volcanic plumes: Sampling techniques and analytical methods
2014
In situ measurements have been the basis for monitoring volcanic gas emissions for many years and—being complemented by remote sensing techniques—still play an important role to date. Con- cerning in situ techniques for sampling a dilute plume, an increase in accuracy and a reduction of detection limits are still necessary for most gases (e.g., CO2, SO2, HCl, HF, HBr, HI). In this work, the Raschig-Tube tech- nique (RT) is modified and utilized for application on volcanic plumes. The theoretical and experimental absorption properties of the RT and the Drechsel bottle (DB) setups are characterized and both are applied simultaneously to the well-established Filter packs technique (FP) in the …
Wideband THz time domain spectroscopy based on optical rectification and electro-optic sampling
2013
We present an analytical model describing the full electromagnetic propagation in a THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system, from the THz pulses via Optical Rectification to the detection via Electro Optic-Sampling. While several investigations deal singularly with the many elements that constitute a THz-TDS, in our work we pay particular attention to the modelling of the time-frequency behaviour of all the stages which compose the experimental set-up. Therefore, our model considers the following main aspects: (i) pump beam focusing into the generation crystal; (ii) phase-matching inside both the generation and detection crystals; (iii) chromatic dispersion and absorption inside the c…
Tardigrades of Finland: new records and an annotated checklist
2020
Species checklists are powerful and important tools of communication between taxonomists and applied environmental biologists, which in turn lead to well-planned and successful conservation strategies and ecological studies. Despite this, only recently the interest on compiling systematic checklists is growing among taxonomists who study tardigrades—micrometazoans that inhabit almost every habitat worldwide. As the Finnish records of tardigrades (a.k.a. water bears) species are incomplete, outdated and no checklist has ever been compiled for this country, an easy-to-consult checklist is here reported. This checklist covers all Finnish tardigrade taxa identified in the past and in the 13 sam…
Modelling of wideband THz sources and detectors based on Optical Rectification and Electro-Optic Sampling
2012
5th EOS Topical Meeting on Optical Microsystems, Poster OμS13_1569798553: Analytical Model for wideband THz sources and detectors based on Optical Re…
2013
Analytical Model for wideband THz sources and detectors based on Optical Rectification and Electro-Optic Sampling
2013
An analytical model describing a laser based set-up for wideband THz generation and detection is presented. Particular attention is focused on the main broadband phenomena, which occur when THz radiations have to be handled.
EXPERIENCE WITH CYTOLYT SOLUTION IN ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED TISSUE SAMPLING FOR SPECIMEN PRESERVATION AND EVALUATION
2020
Evaluation of statistical sampling for the assessment of residential consumption totals in water distribution networks
2014
The paper provides insights into stratified sampling, a standard statistical technique that may be employed to assess domestic water use in water distribution networks. The basic idea is to use only a few meters to provide inference on the total water consumption of a network or of a district metered area through the knowledge of some additional stratification variables, such as household typology, size and occupants number. Since any sampling procedure assumes that the variance of the variable at stake is known, either a suitable amount of past consumption data is necessary, or a specific preliminary survey must be carried out, in order to define the sampling plan. An application with real…
A PC-based wattmeter for high accuracy power measurements
2010
This paper proposes the use of a commercial data acquisition board (DAQ) connected to a common personal computer for high accuracy power measurements. In the paper the set up of the PC-based wattmeter is described and an experimental evaluation of its metrological performances is made by means of the comparison with a simultaneous coherent digital sampling wattmeter realized with two high-precision DMMs Hewlett Packard Model 3458 A. In both cases the power source is a Fluke 6100A/E electrical power standard. © 2010 IEEE.
A systematic approach for fine-tuning of fuzzy controllers applied to WWTPs
2010
A systematic approach for fine-tuning fuzzy controllers has been developed and evaluated for an aeration control system implemented in a WWTP. The challenge with the application of fuzzy controllers to WWTPs is simply that they contain many parameters, which need to be adjusted for different WWTP applications. To this end, a methodology based on model simulations is used that employs three statistical methods: (i) Monte-Carlo procedure: to find proper initial conditions, (ii) Identifiability analysis: to find an identifiable parameter subset of the fuzzy controller and (iii) minimization algorithm: to fine-tune the identifiable parameter subset of the controller. Indeed, the initial locatio…