Search results for " Skin"
showing 10 items of 1220 documents
Spreading of sudomotor axon reflexes in human skin.
2005
Acetylcholine (ACh) activates both sudomotor fibers and primary afferent nociceptors. This leads to sudomotor and vasodilator axon reflexes, which can be diminished, for example, in neuropathies. In some neuropathies, however, there is increased axon reflex sweating, a response pattern that has never been observed for vasodilator flares.To compare both types of axon reflexes and to elucidate possible differences.In healthy young male subjects, sweat response and flare reaction in response to ACh were quantified. Constant-current iontophoresis (300 mC) of ACh was performed on the lateral lower legs. The sudomotor axon reflex was visualized with iodine starch staining, and the sweat response …
Autologous whole blood injections to patients with chronic urticaria and a positive autologous serum skin test: a placebo-controlled trial.
2005
<i>Background:</i> Patients with chronic urticaria (CU) frequently exhibit positive skin test reactions to autologous serum (ASST). Therapies aimed at inducing tolerance to circulating histamine-releasing factors in ASST+ CU patients, e.g. by treatment with autologous whole blood (AWB), have not yet been tested. <i>Objective:</i> To test whether ASST+ CU patients can benefit from repeated low-dose intramuscular injections of AWB. <i>Methods:</i> We characterized CU severity and duration, anti-Fc<sub>&#917;</sub>RI and anti-IgE expression, use of antihistamines, and quality of life in 56 CU patients (ASST+: 35, ASST–: 21) and assessed the t…
Psychophysiological and vocal measures in the detection of guilty knowledge.
2004
The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) and its variant, the Guilty Actions Test (GAT), are both psychophysiological questioning techniques aiming to detect guilty knowledge of suspects or witnesses in criminal and forensic cases. Using a GAT, this study examined the validity of various physiological and vocal measures for the identification of guilty and innocent participants in a mock crime paradigm. Electrodermal, respiratory, and cardiovascular measures successfully differentiated between the two groups. A logistic regression model based on these variables achieved hit rates of above 90%. In contrast to these results, the vocal measures provided by the computerized voice stress analysis system …
In vivo sodium release and saltiness perception in solid lipoprotein matrices. 2. Impact of oral parameters
2012
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between sodium release, saltiness, and oral parameters during the eating of lipoprotein matrices (LPM). Sodium release and saltiness relative to 10 LPM were recorded during normal mastication by five subjects with differing oral parameters (chewing efficiency and salivary flow rate). The LPM samples varied in composition (dry matter, fat, salt, and pH levels) and represented a broad range of hardness. Mastication was recorded using electromyography simultaneously with sensory assessment. Differences in chewing behavior could explain most of the variability in sodium release and saltiness among subjects. Subjects with a higher chewing force a…
Sympathetic Nervous System Synchrony in Couple Therapy
2016
The aim of this study was to test whether there is statistically significant sympathetic nervous system (SNS) synchrony between participants in couple therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure psychophysiological synchrony during therapy in a multiactor setting. The study focuses on electrodermal activity (EDA) in the second couple therapy session from 10 different cases (20 clients, 10 therapists working in pairs). The EDA concordance index was used as a measure of SNS synchrony between dyads, and synchrony was found in 85% of all the dyads. Surprisingly, co-therapists exhibited the highest levels of synchrony, whereas couples exhibited the lowest synchrony. The client-…
Influence of repeated consumption of beverages containing sucrose or intense sweeteners on food intake.
2003
To investigate the influence of ingestion of beverages with sucrose or with intense sweeteners on food intake (FI) and on hunger ratings in before and after a month of daily consumption of beverages.Experimental study.Department of Physiology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.In all, 12 men and 12 women, aged 20-25 y.Four beverages contained either sucrose (E+:100 g/l, 1672 kJ) or intense sweeteners (E-: null energy content) and were flavoured with either orange (O) or raspberry (R). FI was measured in the lab during two 2-consecutive-day periods, carried out on 2 successive weeks (session 1). The subjects drank 2 l of either E+ or E- beverages on the first day of both weekly periods, acc…
Prolonged in vitro exposure to white wines enhances the erosive damage on human permanent teeth compared with red wines.
2009
Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to determine and compare the erosive potentials of red and white wines, exerted on enamel surfaces prepared from extracted human permanent teeth. European wines (50 red, 50 white wines) from different regions were purchased, and the pH values were measured. Eight wines with different pH values were selected. Enamel samples with an average surface area of 25 mm 2 were prepared from 25 extracted permanent teeth from male and female patients aged 40 to 65 years and incubated with wines for up to 24 hours; the amounts of released calcium were determined colorimetrically, and mean surface roughness was measured with a profilometer. A quantitative eleme…
Neural Mechanisms of Placebo Anxiolysis
2015
The beneficial effects of placebo treatments on fear and anxiety (placebo anxiolysis) are well known from clinical practice, and there is strong evidence indicating a contribution of treatment expectations to the efficacy of anxiolytic drugs. Although clinically highly relevant, the neural mechanisms underlying placebo anxiolysis are poorly understood. In two studies in humans, we tested whether the administration of an inactive treatment along with verbal suggestions of anxiolysis can attenuate experimentally induced states of phasic fear and/or sustained anxiety. Phasic fear is the response to a well defined threat and includes attentional focusing on the source of threat and concomitant …
The different daily distribution of proteins does not influence the variations in body composition in a sample of subjects undergoing a low-calorie m…
2021
BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding whether the different daily balances of proteins between meals and snacks in a low-calorie diet may influence the effects on body composition (BC) results. Aim of this study is to evaluate BC changes made by a lifestyle intervention in a randomized homogeneous sample of two groups with equal daily caloric reduction but different protein distributions between meals. METHODS Forty-seven men and women (mean age: 32±10 years; Body Mass Index: 28.4±2.4 kg/m2) consumed an energy-restricted diet (788 kcal/d below the requirement) for eight weeks in a free-living contest. Subjects consumed 90.1 g protein/d (1.10±0.16 g/kg/day) and were randomized in an EVEN (…
Psychosocial safety climate as a lead indicator of workplace bullying and harassment, job resources, psychological health and employee engagement
2011
Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) is defined as shared perceptions of organizational policies, practices and procedures for the protection of worker psychological health and safety, that stem largely from management practices. PSC theory extends the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework and proposes that organizational level PSC determines work conditions and subsequently, psychological health problems and work engagement. Our sample was derived from the Australian Workplace Barometer project and comprised 30 organizations, and 220 employees. As expected, hierarchical linear modeling showed that organizational PSC was negatively associated with workplace bullying and harassment (demands) a…