Search results for " Strategy"
showing 10 items of 764 documents
Diversification is in the Detail: Accounting for Crop System Heterogeneity to Inform Diversification Policies in Malawi and Zambia
2020
Crop diversification is a common agricultural policy objective. However, the determinants and impacts of crop diversification are heterogeneous and depend on a range of crop-specific characteristics. Index-based measurements of crop diversification, common in the agriculture economics literature, are unable to account for this heterogeneity. Using two national panel surveys from Malawi and Zambia, we develop a multinomial treatment effects model to examine the determinants of adopting seven discreet cropping systems and their impacts on maize productivity and crop income stability. The results of this approach are compared to those obtained when using a Gini–Simpsons index. Differences betw…
Economic specialization and diversification at the country and regional level: introducing a conceptual framework to study innovation policy logics
2018
While there has been a shared understanding that innovation policy is about rendering institutional change, there has been an emerging interest in identifying the institutional logics underlying in...
On the evolutionary stability of female infanticide
1997
Territoriality among female rodents may have evolved as an adaptation to intraspecific competition for resources or, alternatively, to defend pups against infanticide. In order to evaluate the latter, we analyse the conditions that allow an infanticidal strategy to invade a population of non-infanticidal females, and the circumstances under which infanticide may become an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). Our game theoretical analyses indicate that infanticide has to be associated with some direct (cannibalism) or indirect (reduced competition) resource benefits in order to invade a non-infanticidal population. We also expect that females will primarily kill litters of nearby neighbors,…
Mixis strategies and resting eeg production of rotifers living in temporally-varying habitats
1993
A dynamic model based on six differential equations has been developed to explore the control of mixis of rotifers living in temporally-varying habitats. The equations give variation rates of amictic females, three stages of mictic females, males and resting eggs. The model takes into account some constraints on mixis (e.g., male-female encounter probability and effort involved in resting egg production) and its predictions have been generated by computer simulation using parameter values from the literature. For simulation, a time-dependent birth rate function was assumed to account for changes in the environment, and several mixis patterns (i.e., moment of mixis induction and mictic rate …
Towards a Framework for Cross-Sector Collaboration: Implementing a Resilience Information Portal
2017
Municipalities play an integral part in the strive for resilient societies. A resilient municipality is not only prepared for short-term shocks such as natural disasters but also more successful in mastering long-term stresses such as profound in-creases or decreases of population. Backed by a large-scale research project we have developed a Resilience Information Portal (RIP). It serves as an artefact to support cross-sector collaboration within a municipality. The core challenges in implementing such a portal reside not in the technological work, though. Rather, it needs to be implemented in the communication and IT strategy of a municipality and be tailored to the processes. In this arti…
A hybrid evolution strategy for the open vehicle routing problem
2010
This paper presents a hybrid evolution strategy (ES) for solving the open vehicle routing problem (OVRP), which is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem that addresses the service of a set of customers using a homogeneous fleet of non-depot returning capacitated vehicles. The objective is to minimize the fleet size and the distance traveled. The proposed solution method manipulates a population of @m individuals using a (@m+@l)-ES; at each generation, a new intermediate population of @l offspring is produced via mutation, using arcs extracted from parent individuals. The selection and combination of arcs is dictated by a vector of strategy parameters. A multi-parent recombination …
EXPLORING THE OBSTACLES OF LATVIAN FOOD COMPANIES EXPORT TO CHINA
2016
As we know, China is the biggest trader in the world. European Commission has revealed that China has become the European Union (EU)`s second largest trading partner behind the United States, and EU is China`s biggest trading partner. This situation just proves the necessity of making good partnership with China, which is especially needed for such a small country as Latvia. The main export fields for Latvia are wood, metal, electrical devices and minerals. As the population of China is growing very fast, leading to more than one billion people in 2016 (increased for more than 41 million in last six years), the food market is in need of more and more products. Of course, Chinese market may …
The Fluid City Experience: An Update
2016
This chapter describes the actual status of thirteen European cities that become fluid cities through their strategies for urban regeneration. These cities are divided into three groups: the large port-cities, the medium rank “city-port” cities, the riverfront cities. For every city, we define the status of urban environment and population, the trend for port and airport traffic and the strategies for urban regeneration.
Bounded Rationality for “Just In Time” Education
2011
Abstract If you cannot get answers keep putting questions The paper has three targets: a) Taken per se , it advances the research presented in a series of seven papers about education in a post-industrial (i.e., service-oriented) society broadening the scope from engineering to any kind of education reachable through reachable through permanent endeavour. b) Regarded as part of a “EU 2020 research cluster” with the aim to pro pose affordable approaches to education for sustainable development, the paper reveals bounded rationality (BR) as common denominator of, mechanism for, and connection between the two facets of permanent education: e- teaching and e- learning , the research aiming to m…
Timing of reproductive effort as an alternative mating strategy in young black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) males
2014
Seksuaalivalinta aiheuttaa yksilöiden välille kilpailua parittelukumppaneista, minkä johdosta osa yksilöistä lisääntyy toisia enemmän. Elinkiertoteorian mukaan yksilöt eivät niukkojen resurssien vuoksi pysty tehokkaasti kohdentamaan energiaa samanaikaisesti useisiin toimintoihin, kuten kasvuun, selviytymiseen ja lisääntymiseen. Ikä, suuri koko ja näyttävät seksuaaliornamentit ovat seksuaalivalinnassa menestyvän yksilön merkkejä, sillä tällaisilla yksilöillä riittää energiaa elintärkeiden toimintojen lisäksi myös lisääntymiseen. Tavallisesti ne menestyvätkin parhaiten kilpailussa parittelukumppaneista. Nuoret tai huonokuntoiset yksilöt voivat kuitenkin turvautua vaihtoehtoisiin lisääntymisst…