Search results for " Synthesis"
showing 10 items of 1625 documents
Rapid one-pot synthesis of tapered star copolymers via ultra-fast coupling of polystyryllithium chain ends
2019
Highly efficient stoichiometric coupling of sterically hindered polystyryllithium (PS-Li) chain ends was achieved using tetra[3-(chloro-dimethylsilyl)propyl]silane (TCDMSPS) as the linking agent. Based on the disparate reactivities of isoprene (I, rI = 11.0) and styrene (S, rS = 0.049) in the anionic copolymerization in nonpolar media, poly(isoprene0.5-grad-styrene0.5) (P(I0.5-grad-S0.5)) tapered 4-arm star copolymers were synthesized in only two steps. The tapered 4-arm star copolymers (Mtargetedw = 40 to 160 kg mol−1) were synthesized with high star functionalities f (Mw,star/Mw,arm = 3.68–3.98), low dispersity (Đ = 1.06–1.15) and minimal residual precursor content (2–8 wt%), avoiding fra…
Chromium oxide nanoparticles with controlled size prepared from hydrothermal chromium oxyhydroxide precursors
2017
Abstract This work reports the preparation of morphologically well-defined chromium oxide nanoparticles with controlled sizes of 20–30 nm. The synthetic procedure encompass two stages, the first one refers to the preparation of chromium oxyhydroxide nanoparticles by a hydrothermal approach of previously precipitated xerogels, followed by a thermal transformation of CrOOH nanoparticles to Cr2O3. The series of chromium oxyhydroxide particles sized over the range 15–50 nm were prepared through the control of the pH of precipitation of the xerogels and the water/xerogel ratio of the hydrothermal aging. Results showed the formation of non-aggregated oxyhydroxide nanoparticles with two different …
Smart optically active VO2 nanostructured layers applied in roof-type ceramic tiles for energy efficiency
2016
Abstract The capability to control in an smart way the infrared reflectance to environmental temperature variations can be achieved with thermochromic materials like VO2. In this paper, we report the application of VO2 on ceramic tiles aiming to control the reflected infrared radiation on smart roofs and thus improving the energy efficiency, which is associated to the reduction of the carbon dioxide emissions. The VO2 nanoparticles have been produced by hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave irradiation, providing a new, quicker and cleaner production route. Afterwards, the VO2 nanoparticles were transferred to the surface of ceramic glassy tiles, which were prepared through dispersin…
Synthesis of niobium aluminides using mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and mechanically activated annealing process
1999
The mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MASHS) technique and the mechanically activated annealing process (M2AP) were used to produce NbAl3 intermetallic compound. The MASHS process results from the combination of two steps: first, a mechanical activation of the Nb 3Al powders mixture; second, a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The M2AP process also results from the combination of two steps: the first is the same; the second consists of the annealing of as-milled powders. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDXS), the as-milled powders, MASHS, and M2AP end-pr…
Preparation of graphene nanocomposites from aqueous silver nitrate using graphene oxide’s peroxidase-like and carbocatalytic properties
2020
AbstractThe present study evaluates the role of graphene oxide’s (GO’s) peroxidase-like and inherent/carbocatalytic properties in oxidising silver nitrate (AgNO3) to create graphene nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles (GO/Ag nanocomposite). Activation of peroxidase-like catalytic function of GO required hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia (NH3) in pH 4.0 disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4). Carbocatalytic abilities of GO were triggered in pH 4.0 deionised distilled water (ddH2O). Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy aided in qualitatively and quantitatively assessing GO/Ag nanocomposites. TEM and …
Magnetic and optical properties in degenerated transition metal and Ga co-substituted ZnO nanocrystals
2019
Abstract In order to study the influence of itinerant electrons on magnetic properties of transition metal substituted ZnO nanocrystals, nanopowders containing different amounts of Ga and fixed amounts of Fe, Ni and Mn ions were synthesized. The ions of different transition metals and Ga were successfully introduced into the ZnO structure using solvothermal synthesis method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement were used to characterize the synthesized nanocrystals. Optical measurements revealed that Ga substitution can change the light transmittance/absorption in the infrared part of the electromagnetic light spectru…
Colloidal zeolites and zeolite membranes
2002
The synthesis of zeolite membranes and thin films using the secondary growth process is briefly described. In this process colloidal zeolite particles (sols) are prepared hydrothermally and then subsequently deposited on substrates to produce uniform layers of controlled thickness. In order to optimise this process, an understanding of the nature of the sols and an insight into the structure of the consolidated layer so formed, is required. Such studies are illustrated here with silicalite and zeolite A. The formation and growth of silicalite sols has been investigated in situ by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS measurements on sols at progressively higher concentrations have pro…
Microwave hydrothermal flash synthesis of nanocomposites Fe–Co alloy/cobalt ferrite
2004
Abstract The present article presents, for the first time, the last developments reported for an original microwave hydrothermal flash synthesis of Fe–Co alloys (FeyCo1−y)/cobalt ferrite (Fe3−xCoxO4) nanocomposites. Synthesis was performed in alcoholic solutions of ferrous chloride, cobalt chloride and sodium ethoxide (EtONa) using a microwave autoclave (The RAMO system) specially designed by authors. Compared with conventional synthesis, smaller grains (100 nm compared to 1 μm) can be produced in a short period (e.g. 10 s) using a less basic medium. In all the cases, the microstructure and the amount of metal inside the composite particles are very different from the product obtained via a…
Morphological Control of Hydrothermal Ni(OH)2 in the Presence of Polymers and Surfactants: Nanocrystals, Mesocrystals, and Superstructures
2008
International audience; Polymers with different hydrophilic groups [polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ammonium polyacrylate (APA), and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)] and surfactants [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylbenzensulfonate (SDBS)] were used as additives to modify the crystallization of β-Ni(OH)2 in hydrothermal conditions. Marked morphological changes in the β-Ni(OH)2 particles were observed depending on the additive concentration and on the duration of the hydrothermal treatment. The final morphology is the result of a complex, time-dependent self-assembly and growth process. Well-defined particles with sizes from submicrometer range to a few micrometers co…
One step continuous hydrothermal synthesis of very fine stabilized superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite
2011
International audience; Stable suspensions of citrated SPIO nanoparticles were synthesised in one step using a hydrothermal continuous process. Citrates control the crystallite size and the oxidation degree of metallic ions despite the very short reaction time (4 s). Magnetite particles, Fe2.94O4, with an average size of 4 nm and good monodispersity were obtained.