Search results for " T2"
showing 10 items of 22 documents
The use of statins in people at risk of developing diabetes mellitus: Evidence and guidance for clinical practice
2014
Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels using statins is associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events in a wide range of patient populations. Although statins are generally considered to be safe, recent studies suggest they are associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This led the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to change their labelling requirements for statins to include a warning about the possibility of increased blood sugar and HbA1c levels and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to issue guidance on a small increased risk of T2D with the statin class. This review examines the evidence leading to these clai…
Metformin increases APP expression and processing via oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-κB activation: Use of insulin to attenuate m…
2015
AbstractClinical and experimental biomedical studies have shown Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study demonstrates the effect of metformin, a therapeutic biguanide administered for T2DM therapy, on β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Furthermore, the protective role of insulin against metformin is also demonstrated. In LAN5 neuroblastoma cells, metformin increases APP and presenilin levels, proteins involved in AD. Overexpression of APP and presenilin 1 (Pres 1) increases APP cleavage and intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which, in turn, promotes ag…
Ruolo della mobilità dell’acqua sulla stabilità e la conformazione dei polinucleotidi in microemulsione
2008
Questa memoria mostra i risultati preliminari ottenuti nello studio dell’influenza della mobilità dell’acqua e dell’importanza di questa sul comportamento dei polinucleotidi in sistemi confinati. L’acqua nei sistemi biologici svolge un ruolo determinante sulla stabilità e il polimorfismo del DNA. I tempi di rilassamento protonici, T1 e T2, determinati mediante tecniche NMR a bassa risoluzione, permettono di ottenere informazioni sulla mobilità dell’acqua. Il sistema modello utilizzato per simulare il comportamento dell’acqua endocellulare è la microemulsione ternaria BHDC/benzene/acqua, costituita dal tensioattivo cationico BHDC (cloruro di benzilesadecildimetilammonio) che in assenza di co…
The T2K Experiment
2011
The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle {\theta}_{13} by observing {\nu}_e appearance in a {\nu}_{\mu} beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, {\Delta}m^{2}_{23} and sin^{2} 2{\theta}_{23}, via {\nu}_{\mu} disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande)…
Measurements of the T2K neutrino beam properties using the INGRID on-axis near detector
2012
Precise measurement of neutrino beam direction and intensity was achieved based on a new concept with modularized neutrino detectors. INGRID (Interactive Neutrino GRID) is an on-axis near detector for the T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. INGRID consists of 16 identical modules arranged in horizontal and vertical arrays around the beam center. The module has a sandwich structure of iron target plates and scintillator trackers. INGRID directly monitors the muon neutrino beam profile center and intensity using the number of observed neutrino events in each module. The neutrino beam direction is measured with accuracy better than 0.4 mrad from the measured profile center. The …
Multivariable non-invasive association of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutational status in World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas with advan…
2020
Aim To investigate multivariable analyses for noninvasive association of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status in grade II and III gliomas including evaluation of T2 mapping-sequences. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations with histopathologically proven World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas were retrospectively enrolled. Multivariate receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses to associate IDH mutational status were performed containing quantitative T2 mapping analyses and qualitative characteristics (sex, age, localization, heterogeneity, oedema, necrosis and diameter). Relaxation times were calculated pixelwise by means of standardized RO…
Misure preliminari su scanner MRI 7T di stabilità nel tempo di Dosimetri gel di tipo Fricke
2016
L’ottimizzazione delle procedure che utilizzano radiazioni ionizzanti in campo medico costituisce un elemento chiave per la sicurezza del paziente e l’esito dei trattamenti radioterapici. In particolare è fondamentale arrecare il minor danno possibile ai tessuti sani circostanti la neoplasia da trattare (Attix, 2004). La misurazione precisa della dose somministrata nei tessuti e la sua mappatura in tre dimensioni sono di fondamentale importanza in termini di riuscita e di pianificazione dei trattamenti radioterapici (Khan, 2009). In questo lavoro sono presentate le misure preliminari effettuate per testare la stabilità temporale di dosimetri gel di tipo Fricke tramite scanner pre-clinico 7T…
A Novel Expert System for Non-Invasive Liver Iron Overload Estimation in Thalassemic Patients
2014
Expert Systems can integrate logic based often on computational intelligence methods and they are used in complex problem solving. In this work an Expert System for classifying liver iron concentration in thalassemic patients is presented. In this work, an ANN is used to validate the output of the L.I.O.MO.T (Liver Iron Overload Monitoring in Thalassemia) method against the output of the state-of-the-art method based on MRI T2 assessment for liver iron concentration. The model has been validated with a dataset of 200 samples. The experimental Mean Squared Error results and Correlation show interesting performances. The proposed algorithm has been developed as a plug in for OsiriX Dicom View…
Effects of pyrolysis conditions on the thermal transformation of chicken manure into char
2012
Biochar is a fine-grained and highly porous carbonaceous substance, arising from the pyrolitic decomposition of natural or synthetic organic materials. It is lately applied to soils to favorably affect soil physico-chemical properties, such as water and nutrient retention and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The extent of the effect of biochar on crop productivity is very variable due to the different biophysical interactions and processes that occur when it is applied to soils. Char properties are greatly influenced by both natures of feedstock and process conditions. An accurate characterization of biochar is crucial to evaluate the possibility to amend soil with such material by avoiding …
Search for heavy neutrinos with the T2K near detector ND280
2019
This paper reports on the search for heavy neutrinos with masses in the range 140<MN<493 MeV/c2 using the off-axis near detector ND280 of the T2K experiment. These particles can be produced from kaon decays in the standard neutrino beam and then subsequently decay in ND280. The decay modes under consideration are N→ℓ±απ∓ and N→ℓ+αℓ−β(−)ν(α,β=e,μ). A search for such events has been made using the Time Projection Chambers of ND280, where the background has been reduced to less than two events in the current dataset in all channels. No excess has been observed in the signal region. A combined Bayesian statistical approach has been applied to extract upper limits on the mixing elements of heav…