Search results for " THERAPY"
showing 10 items of 9467 documents
Factors influencing cytomegalovirus DNA load measurements in whole blood and plasma specimens from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant reci…
2019
We assessed the impact of several parameters, including the nature of the episode of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia, the use of preemptive antiviral therapy, and the blood cell content in CMV DNA loads measured in whole blood (WB) and plasma (PL). CMV DNA load was quantified in 245 paired specimens collected within 43 postengraftment episodes of CMV DNAemia by using the CMV RealTime CMV PCR (Abbott Molecular). Concordant categorical results were obtained for 78.4% of paired specimens (Kappa index, 0.385; P = 0.001). Overall, CMV DNA loads in PL were higher than those in WB (mean bias, +0.115 log IU/mL) in both initial and recurrent episodes; this was so in post-antiviral treatment but not in…
What can evolutionary rescue tell us about the emergence of new resistant bacteria?
2017
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases in Italy
2020
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be reactivated by immunosuppressive drugs in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This study evaluates HBV serum markers&rsquo
Efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and other infections in a real-li…
2020
Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in ABSSSI and ‘other sites’ infections’ (OTA). Methods: Observational study involving 11 Italian hospitals including patients that received ≥1 dose of dalbavancin in 2016–2019. The outcome was end-of-treatment efficacy and safety in ABSSSI and OTA in a real-life setting. Results: 206 patients enrolled (males 50%, median age 62 [IQR 50–76] years), 60.2% ABSSSI, 39.8% OTA. 69.7% ABSSSI vs 90.7% OTA (p = 0.003) and 46.3% ABSSSI vs 37.2% OTA (p = 0.786) received previous and concomitant antibiotics, respectively. 82.5% reached clinical cure. Eleven (5.4%) patients had non-serious adverse events (AE). OTA patients showed longer hosp…
The purine analogues abacavir and didanosine increase acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial dysfunction
2016
Background NRTIs are essential components of HIV therapy with well-documented, long-term mitochondrial toxicity in hepatic cells, but whose acute effects on mitochondria are unclear. As acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity also involves mitochondrial interference, we hypothesized that it would be exacerbated in the context of ART. Methods We evaluated the acute effects of clinically relevant concentrations of the most widely used NRTIs, alone or combined with acetaminophen, on mitochondrial function and cellular viability. Results The purine analogues abacavir and didanosine produced an immediate and concentration-dependent inhibition of oxygen consumption and complex I and III activity. Th…
Bacteriophages: Protagonists of a Post-Antibiotic Era
2018
This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophages: Alternatives to Antibiotics and Beyond.
Phages for biofilm removal
2020
This article belongs to the Special Issue Phage Therapy, Lysin Therapy, and Antibiotics, a Trio Due to Come.
Scoping the effectiveness and evolutionary obstacles in using plasmid-dependent phages to fight antibiotic resistance
2016
Aim: To investigate the potential evolutionary obstacles in the sustainable therapeutic use of plasmid-dependent phages to control the clinically important conjugative plasmid-mediated dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria. Materials & methods: The lytic plasmid-dependent phage PRD1 and the multiresistance conferring plasmid RP4 in an Escherichia coli host were utilized to assess the genetic and phenotypic changes induced by combined phage and antibiotic selection. Results & conclusions: Resistance to PRD1 was always coupled with either completely lost or greatly reduced conjugation ability. Reversion to full conjugation efficiency was found to be rare…
2019
Aquaculture production has increased tremendously during the last decades, and new techniques have been developed, e.g., recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In RAS, the majority of water volume is circulated via mechanical and biological filters and reused in the tanks. However, the prevention and treatment of diseases in these systems are challenging, as the pathogens spread throughout the system, and the addition of chemicals and antibiotics disrupts the microbiome of the biofilters. The increasing antibiotic resistance has made phage therapy a relevant alternative for antibiotics in food production. Indeed, as host-specific and self-replicating agent they might be optimal for target…