Search results for " Temperature"
showing 10 items of 2370 documents
Aroma production and fermentation performance of S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii natural hybrids under cold oenological conditions
2019
This work aims to describe the wine fermentation characteristics of 23 natural S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrid yeasts related to fermentative environments isolated from different regions and their significance for the aroma spectra of the produced wines. Fermentations were performed at 12 °C in artificial must, and S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii pure species strains were used for comparison purposes. We determined the relevant kinetic parameters of fermentation, the concentration of the main metabolites and the main aroma-related compounds produced after fermentation. The results revealed that some strains that show well-rounded characteristics could be profitable yeast starters f…
Multi-Resolution error analysis of predicted absorption coefficients. Method and application to the infrared spectrum of methane at high temperature.
2010
La version V2 inclut les modifications proposées par les reviewers.; International audience; A general method for the estimation of the confidence interval of molecular absorption coefficients is presented. Statistical numerical experiments are implemented to quantify the propagation of errors from line parameters to absorption coefficients or cross-sections as a function of the resolution. The method uses line parameter predictions (position and intensity) with estimated uncertainties derived from global polyad models. This work is especially intended to provide expert information for applications requiring theoretical predictions for which the present state of the art of line by line high…
Atmospheric correction for land surface temperature using NOAA-11 AVHRR channels 4 and 5
1991
Abstract In this work, a theoretical model that permits relating the land surface temperature with the temperatures measured by thermal infrared sensors has been developed. The model has been derived by linearization of Planck's function and atmospheric trasmittance. In this way a split-window equation is obtained, which depends on atmospheric water vapor, viewing angle, and channel surface emissivities. Simulations of satellite measurements of land surface temperatures are made using the atmospheric transmittance-radiance model LOWTRAN-7 for NOAA-11 AVHRR Channels 4 and 5. From these simulations the accuracies of linearizations have been checked. The dependence of the split-window coeffici…
Correlations for estimating the specific capital cost of multi-effect distillation plants considering the main design trends and operating conditions
2018
Abstract This work proposes a correlation for the specific capital cost of multi-effect distillation (MED) plants, considering their main design options and parameters, such as the number of effects, size/capacity, and heat source temperature. These parameters are varied within a large range to cover as many different cases as possible. The cost correlation decouples the evaporator cost and includes in the expression the ratio of the heat exchanger area to a reference one. This area is calculated using a validated MED numerical model, with the results then processed to produce fitted expressions. Two versions of this correlation with different levels of complexity are proposed, which provid…
One- and Two-Dimensional Diffusion of Metal Atoms in Graphene
2008
In the present work, individual Au or Pt atoms in layersconsisting of one or twographene planes have been monitoredin real time at high temperature by high-resolution TEM. Weobtain information about the location of metal atoms ingrapheneandthediffusionmechanisms.Activationenergiesfordiffusion are obtained in a temperature range close to thetemperature of the technically important metal-assisted CVDprocess.Thematerialwassynthesizedinanarcdischarge
Inverse prediction of local interface temperature during electromagnetic pulse welding via precipitate kinetics
2019
Abstract Interface temperature of electromagnetic pulse welding is difficult to measure by insitu methods. Here, the local temperature rise is investigated using the kinetics of precipitates and dispersoids (transformation or dissolution) at the interface zone (IZ) and affected zone (AZ) of three welds. This fine scale analysis allows estimating of local temperature range for AZ that reaches between 250 and 360 °C on both sides of narrow IZ, while the IZ itself experiences between 360 and 500 °C or even beyond 500 °C. The interface temperature increases with the increasing impact intensity. The current work estimated thermal field based on the precipitate transformations, which occur during…
A Promising New Method to Estimate Drug-Polymer Solubility at Room Temperature
2016
The established methods to predict drug-polymer solubility at room temperature either rely on extrapolation over a long temperature range or are limited by the availability of a liquid analogue of the polymer. To overcome these issues, this work investigated a new methodology where the drug-polymer solubility is estimated from the solubility of the drug in a solution of the polymer at room temperature using the shake-flask method. Thus, the new polymer in solution method does not rely on temperature extrapolations and only requires the polymer and a solvent, in which the polymer is soluble, that does not affect the molecular structure of the drug and polymer relative to that in the solid st…
Subamorphous thermal conductivity of crystalline half-Heusler superlattices
2021
The quest to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit has mainly followed the roadmap of lowering the thermal conductivity while keeping unaltered the power factor of the material. Ideally an electron-crystal phonon-glass system is desired. In this work, we report an extraordinary reduction of the cross-plane thermal conductivity in crystalline (TiNiSn):(HfNiSn) half-Heusler superlattices (SLs). We create SLs with thermal conductivities below the effective amorphous limit, which is kept in a large temperature range (120–300 K). We measured thermal conductivity at room temperature values as low as 0.75 W m−1 K−1, the lowest thermal conductivity value reported so far for half-Heusler compou…
Forecasting the Cell Temperature of PV Modules with an Adaptive System
2013
The need to reduce energy consumptions and to optimize the processes of energy production has pushed the technology towards the implementation of hybrid systems for combined production of electric and thermal energy. In particular, recent researches look with interest at the installation of hybrid system PV/T. To improve the energy performance of these systems, it is necessary to know the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, when photovoltaic (PV) systems replace the traditional building envelope materials and they are fully integrated (building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV)), it is very important to correctly assess their thermal behaviour. The determination of …
Membrane distillation heat transfer enhancement by CFD analysis of internal module geometry
2011
Module geometry optimisation can be a crucial matter in all separation processes using selective or hydrophobic membranes, e.g. reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD). In fact the choice of suitable channel shape and size can dramatically affect the performance of the process. With reference to the membrane distillation process, temperature polarization phenomena and pres¬sure drops along the channels largely affect the process efficiency (i.e. the efficient use of temperature driving force for the passage of vapour through the membrane) as well as pressure distribution, module mechanical resistance and pumping costs. Several works have been presented so far in literature on th…