Search results for " Temperature"
showing 10 items of 2370 documents
Polymerisationskinetische und konduktometrische messungen an polystyrylionenpaaren in einem größeren temperaturbereich
1974
Messungen der Bruttogeschwindigkeitskonstante von Polystyryl-Natrium in 3-Methyltetrahydrofuran (3-Me-THF) in Abhangigkeit von der Konzentration der “lebenden” Kettenenden und der Natriumionen ergeben, das die Monomeraddition wie in anderen polaren Losungsmitteln nach einem Mehrwegmechanismus erfolgt. Der Ubergang vom Kontakt- zum solvatgetrennten Ionenpaar wird in einem Temperaturbereich von — 110 bis +85°CC mit Hilfe kinetischer Messungen im Stromungsrohr und durch Leitf ahigkeitsmessungen verfolgt. Analog zu entsprechenden Untersuchungen in Tetrahydrofuran kann dabei die Polymerisation uber jeweils eine Art von Ionenpaaren fast vollstandig isoliert beobachtet werden. Die thermodynamische…
Optical properties of lithium niobate single crystals
2005
Studies of thermal and γ-irradiation effects on the optical properties in congruous lithium niobate single crystals containing Y, Mg, Gd, B, and Zn dopants including samples with double dopants Y, Mg and Gd, Mg are reported. Formation of defects at irradiation and thermal treatment of the samples is explored by electron absorption spectra. Considerable increase of absorption with the dose of γ-radiation is observed at 500 nm. The changes of absorption examined under different conditions are explained by creation and destruction of Nb 4 + defects.
Soda-AQ pulping of reed canary grass
2001
Abstract Delignification of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was carried out by conventional soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping under varying conditions selected according to an orthogonal experimental design with four factors (cooking parameters) at three levels each L9 (34). The influence of these four parameters, i.e. effective alkali, EA (12, 15, and 18% on oven dried (o.d.) reed, as NaOH), maximum temperature (145, 155, and 165°C), time to maximum temperature (70, 90, and 110 min), and time at maximum temperature (0, 15, and 30 min) on the pulp properties (yield, kappa number, and viscosity) was studied. Results indicated that, with respect to delignification, EA was the most i…
Thermoresponsive hyperbranched polyethylenimines with isobutyramide functional groups
2007
Fraktionierte Fällung von Lösungen von p-Kresol-Formaldehyd-Harzen
1951
Die Moglichkeit der Fraktionierung von p-Kresol-Formaldehyd-Harzen in organischen Losungsmitteln durch Zugabe von organischen Fallungsmitteln wird durch die mittlere Schmelztemperatur der Harz-Fraktionen, deren Elementaranalyse und durch ihr Viskositatsverhalten belegt. Die /c-Funktionen zeigen Minima, die bei Polyacrylsaure und desaminierten Eiweisen schon beobachtet wurden, aber unseres Wissens bei Phenolharzen noch unbekannt sind. Es werden ferner Angaben gemacht uber die Acetylierung, den Umsatz mit Phenylisocyanat zu Urethanen und die Methylierung mit Diazomethan. Auch die Untersuchung der Acetylderivate und Urethane zeigi. das die Fraktionierung aus organischen Losungsmitteln gelingt.…
Spin Transition Molecular Materials: New Sensors
2002
This short review article concerns a new family of iron(II) spin transition chain compounds containing 4-R-1,2,4-triazole derivatives whose properties have been followed by several physical techniques. A clear evidence of the LIESST effect at 20 K has been found for one of these materials by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. Potential applications in terms of pressure and thermal sensors are discussed.
Critical-state effects on microwave losses in type-II superconductors
2006
We discuss the microwave energy losses in superconductors in the critical state. The field-induced variations of the surface resistance are determined, in the framework of the Coffey and Clem model, by taking into account the distribution of the vortex magnetic field inside the sample. It is shown that the effects of the critical state cannot generally be disregarded to account for the experimental data. Results obtained in bulk niobium at low temperatures are quantitatively justified.
Influence of temperature on extreme rainfall intensity in Sicily (Italy)
2018
Some climate model experiments suggest an intensification of short-duration extreme precipitation in many parts of the world associated with a warming climate. This behavior could have a physical motivation due to the fact that warmer air has the potential to hold more atmospheric moisture and, then, to provide more water to rainfall events. The theoretical basis of the relationship that links air temperature and atmospheric humidity is provided by the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, according to which, if the relative humidity remains constant, then atmospheric humidity will increase with temperature at a rate (often referred to as CC-rate) in the order of 6-7% °C-1, following the saturation …
A Methodology for Protection of Trees Against Lightning Strikes as a Measure to Prevent Fires and Loss of Human Life
2021
Some regions may be characterized by a very low annual lightning ground flash density, and yet lightning strikes seem to have been in those areas the cause of widespread wildfires in forested areas. Due to global climate change, these occurrences seem to be an increasing threat. In this paper, the authors discuss the withstand capability of trees against lightning and introduce the criteria for the deployment of tree lightning protection systems (TLPS) to protect forested areas, where deemed necessary by the tree risk assessment. This work analytically identifies the critical trunk radius of the tree below which the tree may explode in the case of a lightning strike and ignite the surroundi…
Influence of Mn site doping on electrical resistivity of polycrystalline La1-yAyMn1-xBxO3 (A=Ba, Sr; B=Cu, Cr, Co) Manganites
2008
We have the measured electrical resistivity of La1-yBayMn1-xCuxO3 (0.17?y?0.30; 0.04?x?0.10), La1-ySryMn1-xCrxO3 and La1-ySryMn1-xCoxO3 (0.270?y?0.294; 0.02?x?0.10) polycrystalline samples in the 25-325 K temperature range. The increase of Mn site doping concentration leads to an increase of the electrical resistivity of the samples and the appearance of a ?double-peak? structure in the electrical resistivity versus temperature graphs. The first peak represents the insulator-metal transition in vicinity of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition (TC). We have found that the intensity of the second peak increases with an increase of concentration of Mn substituents, due to the hole scatter…