Search results for " Toxicity"
showing 10 items of 346 documents
Acute toxicity of organochlorined pesticides to the European eel,Anguilla anguilla: The dependency on exposure time and temperature
1987
Effect of deicing salts on urban soils and health status of roadside trees in the Opole region.
2004
This article reports on a study whose aim was to evaluate the impact of snow removal salts on urban soil properties and the health of roadside trees. The evaluation was done by chemical analyses of soil samples and plant matter combined with toxicity testing, performed with a Protoxkit F, a protozoan microbiotest. Samples were collected at 45 locations on three main roads in the town of Opole (Poland). The roads differed in the snow removal technology and amount of chemical substances (mostly NaCI) used on them during the winter. The study showed that when soil was exposed to a high level of NaCI, it tended to be more alkaline and also exhibited increased content of Na + and Cl - . The toxi…
Assessment of toxicity hazards of dredged lake sediment contaminated by creosote.
2000
In order to predict the potential toxicity hazards of sediment remediation by dredging, an experimental laboratory simulation was made by investigating seven ratios of creosote-contaminated sediment (Lake Jamsanvesi, central Finland) and artificial lake water mixtures. Sediment was suspended in water at the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 v/v. The elutriates were analysed for the acute toxicity by photoluminescence bacterial and waterflea (Daphnia magna Straus) tests. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are determined by gas chromatography (GC/FID). The elutriate of ratio 1:2 was most toxic to bacteria (EC50 = 4.5%), whereas the ratio 1:4 was …
Analytical techniques for the determination of bismuth in solid environmental samples
2006
Abstract Bismuth is a trace element of the Earth’s crust, which is becoming environmentally significant. Although bismuth has relatively low toxicity, it can form characteristic intracytoplasmatic inclusions. This article illustrates the increasing need for fast pre-treatment techniques and highly sensitive detection methods for accurate measurements of bismuth at extremely low concentrations in solid environmental matrices.
Analysis of reproductive toxicity and classification of glufosinate-ammonium.
2005
CONCLUSION REGARDING CLASSIFICATION OF GLUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM: Science Partners' Evaluation Group (Evaluation Group) has conducted an independent analysis of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium (GA) relative to its potential to cause reproductive toxicity in humans. Further, the Evaluation Group has evaluated the implementation of Annex 6 of Commission Directive 2001/59/EC (28th ATP of Council Directive 67/548/EEC) and Council Directive 91/414/EEC, with respect to classification of chemicals posing potential reproductive hazards. After consideration of all information available to us relevant to the potential of glufosinate-ammonium (GA) to cause reproductive toxicity, the Science Partners Eva…
Degradation and acute toxicity of Methidathion and Trichlorfon onProcambarus clarkii,in experimental conditions
1991
Routine applications of organophosphate pesticides may adversely affect many nontarget organisms. Static toxicities in mature crayfish Procambarus clarkii were determined, in laboratory, for two organophosphate insecticides using 24, 48, 72 and 96‐h static tests. Three groups of 10 crayfish were exposed to 0.75 to 6 ppm for Trichlorfon and 0.2 to 0.9 ppm for Methidathion. The 24 to 96‐h LC50 values for Trichlorfon and Methidathion were from 5.14–0.99 ppm and 0.73–0.28 ppm respectively. Studies of degradation of Methidathion and Trichlorfon have been made using 1 ppm for Methidathion and 0.1 ppm for Trichlorfon. Both insecticides were degradated gradually until 96‐h. Results show that Methid…
Interference by toxic metal ions with zinc-dependent proteins involved in maintaining genomic stability.
2002
Metal ions are essential components of biological systems; nevertheless, even essential elements may have toxic or carcinogenic properties. Thus, besides As(III) and Cd(II), also Ni(II) and Co(II) have been shown previously to disturb different types of DNA repair systems at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations. Since some metals exert high affinities for SH groups, we investigated whether zinc finger structures in DNA-binding motifs of DNA repair proteins are potential targets for toxic metal ions. The bacterial formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg protein) involved in base excision repair was inhibited by Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) with increasing efficiencies, whereas Co(II), As(III), Pb…
Proteomics evaluation of enniatins acute toxicity in rat liver
2021
Abstract Enniatins (ENs) are emerging mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi which are cytotoxic also at low concentrations due to its ionophoric properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic toxicity of ENs exposure at different concentrations in Wistar rats through a proteomic approach. Animals were intoxicated by oral gavage with medium (EN A 256, ENA1 353, ENB 540, ENB1 296 μg/mL) and high concentrations (ENA 513, ENA1 706, ENB 1021, ENB1 593 μg/mL) of an ENs mixture and sacrificed after 8 h. Protein extraction was performed using powdered liver. Peptides were analyzed using a liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Proteins were …
Retene, pyrene and phenanthrene cause distinct molecular-level changes in the cardiac tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae, Part 2 – …
2020
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are global contaminants of concern. Despite several decades of research, their mechanisms of toxicity are not very well understood. Early life stages of fish are particularly sensitive with the developing cardiac tissue being a main target of PAHs toxicity. The mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of the three widespread model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) retene, pyrene and phenanthrene were explored in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) early life stages. Newly hatched larvae were exposed to sublethal doses of each individual PAH causing no detectable morphometric alterations. Changes in the cardiac proteome and metabolome were assessed after 7 o…