Search results for " Trade"

An experimental investigation on the long-term compatibility of preheated crude palm oil in a large compression ignition diesel engine

2018

An experimental study was carried out on a large stationary compression ignition engine to evaluate the long-term compatibility and durability issues associated with the use of crude palm oil as fuel. Two different preheating temperatures (60 and 80 °C) were adopted to assess the potential improvements related to lower fuel viscosity. The results obtained, in terms of in-cylinder carbon deposits and engine wear, were compared with the results obtained using ordinary diesel fuel. For each fuel and preheating temperature, the engine was operated for 300 consecutive h, during which several engine lubricant samples were collected and analysed to determine soot and fuel contaminations, viscosity…

The total social costs of constructing and operating a high-speed rail line using a case study of the Riyadh-Dammam Corridor, Saudi Arabia

2019

Introducing a High-Speed Rail technology between the Saudi Arabian cities starts raising many challenging issues of different nature ranging from technical to operational, which require huge investments in infrastructure, operations and maintenance. Background information about the development of HSR worldwide to date is included. However, the main aim of this paper is to determine a methodology to estimate the full cost of travel and provide insights into the working model developed to include the calculations of the total social costs of building a new HSR line for the Riyadh-Dammam corridor in Saudi Arabia and understand in what circumstances it is a suitable technology to use. The Sprea…

Is tourism firm competitiveness driven by different internal or external specific factors?: New empirical evidence from Spain

2015

Abstract The quest to understand the multilevel antecedents of competitiveness has led to a separation of approaches. On one side of the question are the environment theories that analyze the structural characteristics of the general and competitive environment. On the other side are the Resource Based View and its extensions that highlight firm-specific resources and capabilities as the main basis of firms' competitiveness. However, in recent years the nature of competition and shifting economic conditions have given rise to new theoretical approaches that complement the assumptions underlying both environmental and firm theories. Specifically, this study contributes by examining the regio…

Azerbaidžānas un Latvijas tirdzniecības attiecības no 2004.-2020.gadam

2022

Bakalaura darba mērķis ir analizēt Azerbaidžānas un Latvijas ārējās tirdzniecības attiecības. Balstoties uz promocijas darba mērķi, tika izpildīti šādi mērķi: • Apzināt teorētiskos priekšnoteikumus Azerbaidžānas un Latvijas ekonomisko sakaru attīstībai • Apsveriet normatīvo regulējumu un ekonomiskās mijiedarbības posmus • Apgūt tautsaimniecības attīstības pamatus • Noteikt efektīvas ražošanas metodes • Analizēt pašreizējās tendences tirdzniecības attiecībās Azerbaidžānā • Apsveriet apjomu, dinamiku, tirdzniecības modeļus un jaunos procesus naftas un gāzes tirdzniecībā • Analizēt pašreizējās tendences tirdzniecības attiecībās Latvijā • Izpētīt Azerbaidžānas un Latvijas tirdzniecības attiecīb…

Rewoluzionaro arodbeedribu pirmais startautiskais kongress, 3.-19.jūlijā 1921. g. [Revolucionāro arodbiedrību pirmais starptautiskais kongress ...]

1922

Transatlantic Trade Wars: The United States and the European Union in Endless Confrontation

2018

Considering two highly interlinked economies of such tremendous size as the United States (US) respectively the European Union (EU), it does not come as a surprise that these circumstances inevitably provide fertile soil for transatlantic trade disputes to thrive. In spite of their decisive contribution to the postwar trade liberalization process, the two giants never quit being protectionist in certain particular domains considered sensitive for one part or the other. Sensitive domains are those in which nations fear competition from abroad, in apprehension of being disruptive to their own economy. Usually sectors that are incapable of withstanding foreign competition, most often agricultu…

The Best Hedging Strategy in the Presence of Transaction Costs

2009

Considerable theoretical work has been devoted to the problem of option pricing and hedging with transaction costs. A variety of methods have been suggested and are currently being used for dynamic hedging of options in the presence of transaction costs. However, very little was done on the subject of an empirical comparison of different methods for option hedging with transaction costs. In a few existing studies the different methods are compared by studying their empirical performances in hedging only a plain-vanilla short call option. The reader is tempted to assume that the ranking of the different methods for hedging any kind of option remains the same as that for a vanilla call. The …

Transaction Costs and Returns to a Trading Strategy

2017

This chapter starts with a review of transaction costs in capital markets. Then it demonstrates how to simulate the returns to a moving average trading strategy in the presence of transaction costs. The following two cases are considered when a trading indicator generates a sell signal: case one where the trader switches to cash, and case two where the trader alternatively sells short a financial asset.

THE DURATION OF FIRM-DESTINATION EXPORT RELATIONSHIPS: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN, 1997-2006

2012

I. INTRODUCTION The traditional trade literature that investigates aggregate trade flows emphasizes the sizeable increase in trade relationships since World War II and the remarkable persistence of trade flows. However, recent microlevel studies point out that under the stable aggregate trade flows there is a rich dynamics at firm- and/or product-level with a high turnover. In fact, international-market presence is often a transitory and an uncommon phenomenon. At any period, only a small percentage of home-based firms participate in trade and exporting firms are different from non-exporters (larger, more productive, etc.). Moreover, there is much persistence in exporting status; being an e…

Political risk and export promotion: evidence from Germany

2008

Political risk represents an important hidden transaction cost that reduces international trade. This paper investigates the claim that German public export credit guarantees (Hermes guarantees) mitigate this friction to trade flows and hence promote exports. We employ an empirical trade gravity model, where we explicitly control for political risk in the importing country in order to evaluate the effect of export guarantees. The idea behind export promotion through public export credit agencies (ECAs) is that the private market is unable to provide adequate insurance for all risks associated with exports. As a consequence, firms' export activities are limited in the absence of insurance pr…