Search results for " Traffic"
showing 10 items of 384 documents
Relationships of working conditions, health problems and vehicle accidents in bus rapid transit (BRT) drivers
2018
Background The aim of this study was to estimate accident risk rates and mental health of bus rapid transit (BRT) drivers based on psychosocial risk factors at work leading to increased stress and health problems. Methods A cross-sectional research design utilized a self-report questionnaire completed by 524 BRT drivers. Results Some working conditions of BRT drivers (lack of social support from supervisors and perceived potential for risk) may partially explain Bogota's BRT drivers' involvement in road accidents. Drivers' mental health problems were associated with higher job strain, less support from co-workers, fewer rewards and greater signal conflict while driving. Conclusions To preve…
Maxillofacial trauma due to traffic accidents and falls: an exploratory study of associated factors
2020
Background This study aimed to determine the pattern of Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) due to traffic accidents and falls in a reference hospital in a rural region of northeastern Brazil between December 2011 and December 2018 and to identify associated factors. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study using 585 medical records of patients with MFT. The data were subjected to a Poisson-Tweedie multiple regression analysis to estimate the Prevalence ratio (PR), with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a significance level of p<0.05. Results MFT due to traffic accidents was more prevalent among patients 21 to 40 years old (PR=2.30; 95% CI=1.20-4.41; p<0.001) diagnosed with zygomat…
Brain Injured Patients versus Multiple Trauma Patients: Some Neurobehavioral and Psychopathological Aspects
2006
BACKGROUND: The study aims to describe the neurobehavioral and psychopathological disorders in road crash victims with cerebral lesions compared with multiple trauma sufferers with no brain damage. METHODS: This study compares the neuropsychological and psychopathological developments of two groups of road crash victims (25 severe brain injuries (SBI) and 25 multiple traumas (MULT)) on the basis of the Neurobehavioral Scale, the SCL 90-R and the State/Trait Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: On the basis of the Neurobehavioral Scale, it was clear that the SBI patients suffered from significantly more disorders of type factor 1 (self-appraisal and flexible thinking), factor II (withdrawal), factor III …
Cardiovascular effects of impulse noise, road traffic noise, and intermittent pink noise at LAeq = 75 dB, as a function of sex, age, and level of anx…
1992
This study aimed at comparing for their cardiovascular effects: a pile-driver noise (P), a gunfire noise (G), a road traffic noise (T), an intermittent pink noise (R). All noises were presented at the same LAeq = 75 dB for 15 min each. Some 120 subjects were divided into 8 subgroups of 15 subjects each: OM (men between 40 and 50 years of age), OF (women, same age range), YM (men, between 15 and 20 years of age), YF (women, same age range), AM (typically anxious men, 20–25 years of age), AF (typically anxious women, same age range), NM (typicall anxiety-free men, same age range), and NF (typically anxiety-free women, same age range). Heart rate (HR), digital pulse level, and arterial blood p…
Does gender really matter? A structural equation model to explain risky and positive cycling behaviors
2018
Abstract Introduction While the use of bicycles as mean of transport is growing worldwide, the increasing rates of traffic crashes involving cyclists have turned into a relevant scientific, public health, and road safety concern. According to several studies, and despite the fact that some countries are taking part in preventive actions, the data indicate that the problem of cycling injuries implies high costs for the community welfare, for the economy, and for healthcare systems, thus proving a clear need for solutions. In this regard, and considering the available empirical evidence, risky and positive riding behaviors have gained significant weight in terms of explaining, intervening in,…
Are Your Eyes “on the Road”? Findings from the 2019 National Study on Vision and Driving Safety in Spain
2020
Background: Vision is an undisputable contributor to the explanation of many human-factor related traffic crashes happening every day. The Inland Transport Committee (ITC), the United Nations regulatory platform, included on 1st April 2020 special action on the vision of road users inside the ITC Recommendations for Enhancing Road Safety Systems. The results of this wide-scale study on drivers&rsquo
Dissociation of emotional processes in response to visual and olfactory stimuli following frontotemporal damage.
2005
Contemporary neuropsychological studies have stressed the widely distributed and multicomponential nature of human affective processes. Here, we examined facial electromyographic (EMG) (zygomaticus and corrugator muscle activity), autonomic (skin conductance and heart rate) and subjective measures of affective valence and arousal in patient TG, a 30 year-old man with left anterior mediotemporal and left orbitofrontal lesions resulting from a traumatic brain injury. Both TG and a normal control group were exposed to hedonically valenced visual and olfactory stimuli. In contrast with control subjects, facial EMG and electrodermal activity in TG did not differentiate among pleasant, unpleasant…
Importance of Social- and Health-Related Problems: Do Spaniards Give Them the Significance They Actually Deserve?
2019
Social and health problems imply an impact on society. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of how Spanish people perceive cancer, terrorism, cardiovascular diseases, crime, AIDS, drugs, and traffic accidents, finding out whether they assess the importance of these issues in correspondence with their actual severity. The study used a full sample of 1206 Spaniards (51.6% females and 48.4% males) who responded to a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey on the significance of these social and health-related problems, assessed through a zero to ten Likert scale. The perceived severity of the problems was considered taking into account the official data of …
Trismus resulting from central nervous system lesion.
1976
Three cases of unusual trismus are reported, occurring in patients with lesions of the central nervous system. On the basis of the clinical and electromyographical findings and observation of the course of the trismus this is interpreted as a symptom of a lesion of the brain stem, causing a dis-synergism of the masticatory muscles.
Sleepiness, sleep, and use of sleepiness countermeasures in shift-working long-haul truck drivers
2015
Driver sleepiness is a prevalent phenomenon among professional drivers working unconventional and irregular hours. For compromising occupational and traffic safety, sleepiness has become one of the major conundrums of road transportation. To further elucidate the phenomenon, an on-road study canvassing the under-explored relationship between working hours and sleepiness, sleep, and use of sleepiness countermeasures during and outside statutory rest breaks was conducted. Testing the association between the outcomes and working hours, generalized estimating equations models were fitted on a data collected from 54 long-haul truck drivers (mean 38.1 ± 10.5 years, one female) volunteering in the…