Search results for " Transformed"

showing 10 items of 77 documents

Permeability properties of a three-cell type in vitro model of blood-brain barrier.

2005

We previously found that RBE4.B brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) form a layer with blood‐brain barrier (BBB) properties if co‐cultured with neurons for at least one week. As astrocytes are known to modulate BBB functions, we further set a culture system that included RBE4.B BCECs, neurons and astrocytes. In order to test formation of BBB, we measured the amount of (3)H‐sucrose able to cross the BCEC layer in this three‐cell type model of BBB. Herein we report that both neurons and astrocytes induce a decrease in the permeability of the BCEC layer to sucrose. These effects are synergic as if BCECs are cultured with both neurons and astrocytes for 5 days, permeability to sucrose decr…

SucroseCell typeTime FactorsBlotting WesternVascular permeabilityBiologyBlood–brain barrierOccludinArticleCapillary PermeabilityOccludinmedicineAnimalsRats WistarCell Line TransformedNeuronsBrainEndothelial CellsMembrane ProteinsCell BiologyPermeationblood-brain barrier cortical neurons astrocytes brain capillary endothelial cells RBE4.B occludin.Coculture TechniquesRatsmedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemMembrane proteinBiochemistryBlood-Brain BarrierPermeability (electromagnetism)Astrocytescardiovascular systembiology.proteinBiophysicsMolecular MedicineAntibody
researchProduct

Inefficient Termination of Antigen Responses in NF-ATp-Deficient Mice

1998

In order to elucidate the role of NF-ATp, one of the most prominent members of family of NF-AT transcription factors in peripheral T lymphocytes, in T cell activation and differentiation we created NF-ATp-deficient mice by gene targeting. Such NF-ATp-/- mice are born and appear to develop a normal immune system. Apart from clear-cut defects in the synthesis of mRNAs for Th2-type lymphokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13, in primary and secondary stimulations of spleen cells in vitro, of a distinct impaired deletion of V beta 11+/CD4+ T lymphocytes from these mice was detected after superantigen injection. Moreover, NF-ATp-/- mice older than 6 weeks show an 2-5 fold increase in number…

T-LymphocytesT cellImmunologyApoptosisCell CountEnterotoxinsMiceImmune systemAntigenSuperantigenmedicineAnimalsHumansImmunology and AllergyCell Line TransformedB-LymphocytesLymphokinesSuperantigensNFATC Transcription FactorsbiologyCD44LymphokineNuclear ProteinsGene targetingHematologyMolecular biologyDNA-Binding Proteinsmedicine.anatomical_structureCell culturebiology.proteinGene DeletionTranscription FactorsImmunobiology
researchProduct

Focal adhesions are hotspots for keratin filament precursor formation

2006

Recent studies showed that keratin filament (KF) formation originates primarily from sites close to the actin-rich cell cortex. To further characterize these sites, we performed multicolor fluorescence imaging of living cells and found drastically increased KF assembly in regions of elevated actin turnover, i.e., in lamellipodia. Abundant KF precursors (KFPs) appeared within these areas at the distal tips of actin stress fibers, moving alongside the stress fibers until their integration into the peripheral KF network. The earliest KFPs were detected next to actin-anchoring focal adhesions (FAs) and were only seen after the establishment of FAs in emerging lamellipodia. Tight spatiotemporal …

TalinKeratin 14Intermediate Filamentsmacromolecular substancesBiologyTransfectionKeratin 18Cell LineFocal adhesionMiceReportStress FibersCell cortexMetalloproteinsAnimalsHumansRNA AntisensePseudopodiaCytoskeletonActinResearch ArticlesCell Line TransformedFocal AdhesionsKeratin FilamentKeratin-18Keratin-14Cell BiologyBridged Bicyclo Compounds HeterocyclicActinsZyxinCell biologyProtein TransportThiazolesBiochemistryEpidermolysis Bullosa SimplexMutationKeratinsThiazolidinesMarine ToxinsLamellipodiumPaxillinThe Journal of Cell Biology
researchProduct

La Seconda Vita dell'Ambiente Costruito

2021

Il contributo inquadra i saggi, gli studi, le ricerche e progetti pubblicati sul numero 9 di AGATHÓN su ‘La Seconda Vita dell’Ambiente Costruito’, tema di interesse per il mondo accademico, delle professioni e dell’industria. Cambiamenti climatici, eccessivo consumo di suolo e di risorse non rinnovabili, produzione sempre crescente di rifiuti, emergenza pandemica e crisi socio-economica globale sono entrati di fatto nel nostro quotidiano: seppur drammatiche, per certi versi, tali questioni possono essere colte come un’opportunità per ripensare il modo e il mondo in cui viviamo. In questo contesto di ‘rivoluzione’(Floridi, 2020) e di ‘policrisi’ (Losasso, 2020), e con riferimento specifico a…

The contribution frames the essays studies research and projects published in issue 9 of AGATHÓN on ‘The SecondLife of the Built Environment’ an interesting topic for universities businesses and industry. Climate changes excessive use of soil renewable resources ever-increasing production of waste the current pandemic emergency and the global socio-economic crisis have in fact entered our daily life. Even if these are tragic issues they can be somehow seized as an opportunity to rethink the way we live and our world. In this ‘revolutionary’ (Floridi 2020) and ‘polycrisis’ (Losasso 2020) context specifically referring to the building industry the Academy the Research and Industry worlds are called to give answers – based on sustainability and the principles of the Green Deal but also and mostly of the new Bauhaus – that can encourage reconsiderations and re-orientations of processes and products new projects on places buildings objects and materials able to positively affect the governance of the global change that our planet and humanity need able to give a ‘new life’ to the built and/or transformed environment at any scaleSettore ICAR/12 - Tecnologia Dell'Architettura
researchProduct

Abitare nel reale. Dalla crisi della periferia alla tessitura di nuove relazioni contestuali

2019

I progetti redatti per “Palermo Sud-Est” sono il risultato di un Laboratorio di Laurea strutturatosi attraverso incontri, seminari, comunicazioni specialistiche, esposizioni critiche, che – in una strategia condivisa – ha visto ogni studente elaborare il proprio lavoro nel confronto con gli altri attori del Laboratorio stesso. La ricerca sui “progetti urbani” è stata impostata di modo che ogni laureando fosse messo a conoscenza dei progetti svolti nello stesso ambito territoriale dai colleghi che l’avevano preceduto, così da poter operare in continuità e contribuire a formulare un ragionamento unitario, nel quale ogni progetto costituisse continuazione, verifica o anche variante dei precede…

The projects prepared for "Palermo South-East" are the result of a Graduate Laboratory structured through meetings seminars specialist communications critical exhibitions which - in a shared strategy - saw each student elaborate their work in comparison with others actors of the same Laboratory. The research on "urban projects" was set so that each graduating student was made aware of the projects carried out in the same geographical area by the colleagues who had preceded it so as to be able to operate in continuity and contribute to formulating a unitary reasoning in which each project constituted continuation verification or even variant of the previous ones. These coordinated works have pursued two fundamental objectives: the strengthening of infrastructures and the establishment of specialized public buildings with superior functions aimed at requalifying and regenerating various critical situations with particular attention to the relationship between context and life scenarios. Thus each designer while dealing with a main functional program simultaneously deals with various issues such as the rationalization of the road system the redevelopment of existing buildings the design and refunctionalization of urban services (for example the transformed Central Station in the hotel or the project of a great Mosque)several degree theses have addressed as the main theme or as a question in the background the design of a new bed for the Oreto river and the relative establishment of a park facing it. In this desire to "patch up the wounds" in the different areas of "Palermo South-East" in close relationship with the vicissitudes of the place there is a continuous reference to architectures of all time and some questions involving the functional program are suggested - that identifies the character (or perhaps "type") of what is to be inserted in a given context - and the qualities of living reality as a pivotal material in the design process.Settore ICAR/14 - Composizione Architettonica E Urbana
researchProduct

The repair of oxidized purines in the DNA of human lymphocytes requires an activation involving NF-YA-mediated upregulation of OGG1.

2014

8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), which initiates the repair of DNA purine modifications such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), is often regarded as a house keeping protein ubiquitously active in mammalian cells. We have analysed the repair rates of oxidized purines generated by photosensitization in peripheral human lymphocytes and observed that the cells were virtually unable to remove these lesions (less than 10% removal within 24h). However, stimulation of the lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) strongly accelerated the repair so that ∼30% of the lesions were repaired within 4h. Within 24h following PHA stimulation and preceding the induction of cell proliferation, Western …

Transcriptional ActivationDNA RepairBiologyBiochemistryDNA Glycosylaseschemistry.chemical_compoundDownregulation and upregulationHumansLymphocytesPhytohemagglutininsMolecular BiologyGeneTranscription factorCell Line TransformedCell growthCell BiologyBase excision repairDNAMolecular biologyUp-RegulationchemistryCCAAT-Binding FactorDNA glycosylasePurinesChromatin immunoprecipitationOxidation-ReductionDNADNA DamageDNA repair
researchProduct

The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (wt1) product regulates Dax-1 gene expression during gonadal differentiation.

1999

Gonadal differentiation is dependent upon a molecular cascade responsible for ovarian or testicular development from the bipotential gonadal ridge. Genetic analysis has implicated a number of gene products essential for this process, which include Sry, WT1, SF-1, and DAX-1. We have sought to better define the role of WT1 in this process by identifying downstream targets of WT1 during normal gonadal development. We have noticed that in the developing murine gonadal ridge, wt1 expression precedes expression of Dax-1, a nuclear receptor gene. We document here that the spatial distribution profiles of both proteins in the developing gonad overlap. We also demonstrate that WT1 can activate the D…

Transcriptional Activationcongenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalitiesGenes Wilms TumorReceptors Retinoic AcidTATA boxMolecular Sequence DataMutagenesis (molecular biology technique)Biologyurologic and male genital diseasesResponse ElementsTransactivationMiceGene expressionAnimalsHumansGonadsPromoter Regions GeneticWT1 ProteinsMolecular BiologyGeneCell Growth and DevelopmentCell Line TransformedGonadal ridgeBase Sequenceurogenital systemDAX-1 Orphan Nuclear ReceptorfungiGene Expression Regulation DevelopmentalCell Biologyfemale genital diseases and pregnancy complicationsCell biologyDNA-Binding ProteinsRepressor ProteinsTestis determining factorNuclear receptorCOS CellsCancer researchTranscription FactorsMolecular and cellular biology
researchProduct

Direct Activation of Bax by p53 Mediates Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization and Apoptosis

2004

The tumor suppressor p53 exerts its anti-neoplastic activity primarily through the induction of apoptosis. We found that cytosolic localization of endogenous wild-type or trans-activation–deficient p53 was necessary and sufficient for apoptosis. p53 directly activated the proapoptotic Bcl-2protein Bax in the absence of other proteins to permeabilize mitochondria and engage the apoptotic program. p53 also released both proapoptotic multidomain proteins and BH3-only proteins [Proapoptotic Bcl-2family proteins that share only the third Bcl-2homology domain (BH3)] that were sequestered by Bcl-xL. The transcription-independent activation of Bax by p53 occurred with similar kinetics and concentra…

Tumor suppressor geneProtein ConformationUltraviolet RaysWheat Germ AgglutininsRecombinant Fusion Proteinsbcl-X ProteinApoptosisEndogenyMitochondrionBiologyPermeabilityHomology (biology)law.inventionMiceCytosollawProto-Oncogene ProteinsMitochondrial membrane permeabilizationAnimalsHumansCells CulturedCell Line Transformedbcl-2-Associated X ProteinCell NucleusMultidisciplinaryCytochromes cIntracellular MembranesGenes p53MitochondriaCell biologyCytosolGene Expression RegulationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2ApoptosisLiposomesMutationSuppressorTumor Suppressor Protein p53biological phenomena cell phenomena and immunityCarrier ProteinsBH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist ProteinHeLa CellsScience
researchProduct

Signal sequences modulate the immunogenic performance of human hepatitis C virus E2 gene

2005

Abstract Envelope protein E2 of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an attractive component of a prototype HCV vaccine. Delivered by DNA immunogens, E2 evokes specific immune response of Th1-type, failing to induce either considerable antibody production, or T-helper cell proliferation. We aimed at modulating the immunogenic performance of E2 gene by changing the mode of protein expression in eukaryotic cells. Plasmids were constructed encoding full-length E2 and nonstructural protein 1 (p7) fused to either 13 or 38 C-terminal amino acids (aa) of HCV E1 that contain second hydrophobic segment of E1 stop-transfer signal, or a complete E1 stop-transfer signal with duplicated second hydrophobic s…

Viral Hepatitis VaccinesSignal peptideGenes ViralMolecular Sequence DataImmunologyHeterologousHepacivirusProtein Sorting SignalsBiologyInjections IntramuscularEpitopeMiceViral ProteinsPlasmidViral Envelope ProteinsChlorocebus aethiopsEscherichia coliAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceMolecular BiologyGeneCellular localizationCell Line TransformedMice Inbred BALB CImmunogenicityGenetic VariationCell Transformation ViralMolecular biologyCOS Cellsbiology.proteinAntibodyHeLa CellsPlasmidsMolecular Immunology
researchProduct

Epigenetic Status of an Adenovirus Type 12 Transgenome upon Long-Term Cultivation in Hamster Cells

2007

ABSTRACT The epigenetic status of integrated adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) DNA in hamster cells cultivated for about 4 decades has been investigated. Cell line TR12, a fibroblastic revertant of the Ad12-transformed epitheloid hamster cell line T637 with 15 copies of integrated Ad12 DNA, carries one Ad12 DNA copy plus a 3.9-kbp fragment from a second copy. The cellular insertion site for the Ad12 integrate, identical in both cell lines, is a >5.2-kbp inverted DNA repeat. The Ad12 transgenome is packaged around nucleosomes. The cellular junction is more sensitive to micrococcal nuclease at Ad12-occupied sites than at unoccupied sites. Bisulfite sequencing reveals complete de novo methylation i…

Virus CultivationTranscription GeneticVirus IntegrationvirusesImmunologyBisulfite sequencingHamsterMicrobiologyAdenoviridaeCell LineEpigenesis GeneticHistoneschemistry.chemical_compoundEpigenetics of physical exerciseProvirusesCricetinaeVirologyAnimalsMicrococcal NucleaseNucleosomeMethylated DNA immunoprecipitationEpigeneticsCell Line TransformedbiologyAcetylationDNADNA Methylationbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionMolecular biologyVirus-Cell InteractionsNucleosomesstomatognathic diseaseschemistryInsect ScienceDNA Viralbiology.proteinDNAMicrococcal nucleaseJournal of Virology
researchProduct