Search results for " Tunnel"
showing 10 items of 477 documents
Temperature dependence of dynamic, tunnelling and kinetic isotope effects in formate dehydrogenase
2018
The origin of the catalytic power of enzymes has been a question of debate for a long time. In this regard, the possible contribution of protein dynamics in enzymatic catalysis has become one of the most controversial topics. In the present work, the hydride transfer step in the formate dehydrogenase (FDH EC 1.2.1.2) enzyme is studied by means of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) potentials in order to explore any correlation between dynamics, tunnelling effects and the rate constant. The temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effects (KIEs), which is one of the few tests that can be studied by experiments and simulations to shed li…
Theoretical Tools for the Description of Strong Field Laser-Molecule Interaction
2016
In this chapter, the main theoretical tools used in the work presented in the next two chapters on the laser control of the radiationless decay in pyrazine and of the tunneling dynamics in NHD\(_2\), are introduced.
Laser control in a bifurcating region
2006
We present a complete analysis of the laser control of a model molecular system using both optimal control theory and adiabatic techniques. This molecule has a particular potential energy surface with a bifurcating region connecting three potential wells which allows a variety of processes such as isomerization, tunnelling or implementation of quantum gates on one or two qubits. The parameters of the model have been chosen so as to reproduce the main features of H3CO which is a molecule-benchmark for such dynamics. We show the feasibility of different processes and we investigate their robustness against variations of laser field. We discuss the conditions under which each method of control…
Laser Driven Tunneling Dynamics in NHD $$_2$$ 2
2016
This chapter is partly based on results and discussions published in Refs. M. Sala et al. J. Chem. Phys. 136, 194308 (2012) [1], M. Sala et al. J. Chem. Phys. 141, 164326 (2014) [2]. This material is reproduced with permission. Copyright [2012, 2014] AIP Publishing LLC.
Tunneling-charging Hamiltonian of a Cooper-pair pump
2001
General properties of the tunneling-charging Hamiltonian of a Cooper pair pump are examined with emphasis on the symmetries of the model. An efficient block-diagonalization scheme and a compatible Fourier expansion of the eigenstates is constructed and applied in order to gather information on important observables. Systematics of the adiabatic pumping with respect to all of the model parameters are obtained and the link to the geometrical Berry's phase is identified.
A Wind Tunnel Study of the Effects of Turbulence on the Growth of Cloud Drops by Collision and Coalescence
1999
A set of wind tunnel experiments was carried out to investigate the growth of single drops by collision coalescence with small droplets in laminar and turbulent flow. Analysis of the experiments shows that under otherwise similar conditions, there exists a tendency toward a faster drop growth under turbulence. The observed growth under laminar conditions agrees well with computed continuous growth of a collector drop using collision efficiencies reported in the literature.
Laboratory Studies of Scattering Properties of Polluted Cloud Droplets: Implications for FSSP Measurements
2008
Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel to study the effects of pollutants dissolved or suspended in cloud droplets on the droplet size measurements of a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). The FSSP is a widely used instrument to derive microphysical properties of atmospheric clouds. Individual droplets of different well-defined sizes were freely falling at their terminal velocities in the wind tunnel while the intensity of radiation emitted by the He–Ne laser of the FSSP and scattered by the droplets was measured. For this purpose, the FSSP was adapted and mounted to the wind tunnel. The intensity of radiation scattered by the droplets in …
Analysis Based Optimization of Human Powered Vehicle Body
2015
The human powered vehicle market is not only a larger market per unit than the automotive market, but it is one in growth. The main product of this market is the classical bicycle, which is familiar around the globe, but mainly in the urban environment. The bicycle, which in this paper will be considered a human powered vehicle, is slowly gaining ground in the field of urban transportation solutions. This paper analyzes the possibility of optimizing the body of a human powered vehicle recumbent tricycle through continuous fluid dynamics. The vehicle is already designed and built, and is fully functional. The body of the vehicle comes as a necessity to give the operator protection from the e…
Electronic and mechanical characterization of self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy combined with interaction-force-…
1993
We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to study self-assembled monolayers of mercaptohexadecanol in ultrigh vacuum. In addition to tunneling, the interaction force gradient acting between tip and sample was measured. Analysis of the force-gradient data shows that the tip is in mechanical contact with the surface of the monolayer which, in turn, is elastically compressed. The lateral dimensions of the mechanical contact are substantially (approximately five times) larger than the width of the tunneling-current filament. The results suggest that the compression of the monolayer constitutes an integral part of tunneling through the molecules
Experimental demonstration of single-site addressability in a two-dimensional optical lattice
2009
We demonstrate single site addressability in a two-dimensional optical lattice with 600 nm lattice spacing. After loading a Bose-Einstein condensate in the lattice potential we use a focused electron beam to remove atoms from selected sites. The patterned structure is subsequently imaged by means of scanning electron microscopy. This technique allows us to create arbitrary patterns of mesoscopic atomic ensembles. We find that the patterns are remarkably stable against tunneling diffusion. Such micro-engineered quantum gases are a versatile resource for applications in quantum simulation, quantum optics and quantum information processing with neutral atoms.