Search results for " Type III"
showing 10 items of 171 documents
Nitric oxide production and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation ameliorated by N1-methylnicotinamide in human blood vessels.
2012
N 1 -methylnicotinamide (MNA + ) has until recently been thought to be a biologically inactive product of nicotinamide metabolism in the pyridine nucleotides pathway. However, the latest observations imply that MNA + may exert antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects through direct action on the endothelium. We examined both in vivo and in vitro whether the compound might induce vasorelaxation in human blood vessels through the improvement of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and a reduction of oxidative stress mediated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function. MNA + treatment (100 mg/m 2 orally) in healthy normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects increased the l-argini…
Hereditary angioedema caused by missense mutations in the factor XII gene: clinical features, trigger factors, and therapy.
2009
Background Hereditary angioedema caused by mutations in the factor XII gene is a recently described disease entity that occurs mainly in women. It differs from hereditary angioedema caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency. Objective To assess the clinical symptoms, factors triggering acute attacks, and treatments of this disease. Methods Thirty-five female patients with hereditary angioedema and the factor XII mutations p.Thr309Lys and p.Thr309Arg who came from 13 unrelated families were studied. The observation period was 8.4 years on average (range, 2-26 years). Results Patients had on average 12.7 ± 7.9 angioedema attacks per year. Recurrent facial swellings occurred in all patients; skin swel…
Expression and distribution of key enzymes of the cyclic GMP signaling in the human clitoris: relation to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)
2011
The clitoris contributes to the normal female sexual response cycle. A significance of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) has been assumed in the control of clitoral vascular smooth muscle. As only a few investigations on the physiology of the vascular and non-vascular clitoral tissue have been carried out, knowledge on the mechanisms controlling this particular female genital organ is still vague. It has been suggested that human clitoral corpus cavernosum smooth muscle is regulated by nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP and related key enzymes, such as NO synthases (NOSs) and the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). The present study evaluated in the human clitoris, by means of immunohistochemistr…
No association between Glu298Asp endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism and Italian sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
2003
A great amount of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may be a major pathogenetic mechanism in the pathophysiology of sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (sAD). Recently, polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene have been associated to late onset Alzheimer's Disease in a British population. However, other groups failed to replicate this finding in Asiatic and Caucasian populations. We conducted a case-control study including a clinically well-defined group of 149 sAD patients and 149 age and sex matched controls to test the association between NOS3 Glu298Asp polymorphism and sAD in an ethnically homogenous Italian population. All subjects were genotyped at NOS3 and a…
Two Italian kindreds carrying the Arg136--Ser mutation of the Apo E gene: development of premature and severe atherosclerosis in the presence of epsi…
2003
Abstract Background and Aims: Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, or dysbetalipoproteinemia, is commonly associated with apolipoprotein E2 homozygosity (Cy Background and Aims: 12, Cy Background and Aims: 58). Apo E2-Christchurch (Arg136→Ser), a rare mutation of the Apo E gene, located in the receptor-binding domain of the protein, has been found to be associated in the vast majority of cases of dysbetalipoproteinemia. Methods and Results: This is the first report of two Italian kindreds carrying the Arg136→Ser mutation. One family is a four-generation kindred from Genoa (Liguria, Italy) with a high rate of mortality due to coronary artery disease: the proband was a 51-year-old woman with previo…
Structure-activity relationship of staurosporine analogs in regulating expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase gene.
2000
In human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived EA.hy 926 cells, staurosporine (Stsp) and its glycosidic indolocarbazole analogs 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and 4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine (CGP 41251) enhanced nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) III mRNA expression (analyzed by RNase protection assay), protein expression (determined by Western blot), and activity [measured by rat fetal lung fibroblast (RFL-6) reporter cell assay] in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the bisindolylmaleimide analogs GF 109203X, Ro 31-8220 and Go 6983 had no effect on NOS III expression, and Go 6976, a methyl- and cyanoalkyl-substituted nonglycos…
Role of NO-synthases and cyclooxygenases in the hyperreactivity of male rabbit carotid artery to testosterone under experimental diabetes.
2009
Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, which in turn is also associated with low levels of serum testosterone. The working hypothesis was that diabetes might modify the mechanisms involved in the vascular actions of testosterone in isolated rabbit carotid arteries. Testosterone (10 −8 –3 × 10 −4 M) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of precontracted carotid arteries, which was higher in diabetic than in control rabbits. In control rabbits neither endothelium removal nor the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine ( l -NOArg, 10 −5 M) modified the relaxant action of testosterone, and the cyclooxyge…
Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ agonist GW0742 prevents hypertension, vascular inflammatory and oxidative status, and endotheli…
2015
Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in obesity-induced risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ agonist GW0742 treatment on endothelial function in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).Five-week-old male mice were allocated to one of the following groups: control, control-treated (GW0742, 3 mg/kg per day, by oral gavage), HFD, HFD + GW0742, HFD + GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) or HFD-GW0742-GSK0660 and followed for 11 or 13 weeks. GW0742 administration to mice fed HFD prevented the gain of body weight, heart and kidney hypertrophy, and fat accumulation. The increase in …
Mechanisms involved in the relaxant action of testosterone in the renal artery from male normoglycemic and diabetic rabbits.
2009
Kidney disease is a frequent complication in diabetes, and significant differences have been reported between male and female patients. Our working hypothesis was that diabetes might modify the vascular actions of testosterone in isolated rabbit renal arteries and the mechanisms involved in these actions. Testosterone (10(-8) to 10(-4)M) induced relaxation of precontracted arteries, without significant differences between control and diabetic rabbits. Both in control and diabetic rabbits endothelium removal inhibited testosterone relaxant action. In arteries with endothelium, incubation with indomethacin (10(-5)M), N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (10(-5)M) or tetraethylammonium (10(-5)M) did not modi…
Vascular Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Experimental Diabetes Strictly Depends on Insulin Deficiency
2010
<i>Objective:</i> In previous studies we and others have shown that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats is associated with vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction. In the present study, we sought to determine whether vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress strictly depend on insulin deficiency. <i>Methods:</i> The effects of insulin (2.5 U/day s.c., 2 weeks) therapy on vascular disorders in STZ-induced (60 mg/kg i.v., 8 weeks) diabetes mellitus (type I) were studied in Wistar rats. The contribution of NADPH oxidase to overall oxidative stress was investigated by in vivo (30 mg/kg/day s.c., 4 days) and in vitro treatment with apocynin. <i>Results:&…