Search results for " VAP"
showing 10 items of 575 documents
An alternative conception of PM10 concentration changes after short-term precipitation in urban environment
2018
Abstract In the article, a linear model is presented which describes a reduction of PM10 mass concentration in relation to the type of precipitation and water vapour content in the air. The model was built using covariance analysis. In studies of PM10 concentration changes, the results of 247 observations were used, which were carried out in the urban area. Concentration changes were archived during short-term (30 min) convection and large-scale rainfalls. For the determination of PM10 mass concentration, the reference method was used. To describe changes in PM10 concentration in the air after precipitation, a series of linear models were created, in which the explanatory variables were: th…
Rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and quantitative detection of Acinetobacter baumannii from pneumonia patients
2011
Background and Objectives: Pneumonia with Acinetobacter baumannii has a major therapeutic problem in health care settings. Decision to initiate correct antibiotic therapy requires rapid identification and quantification of organism. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for direct detection of A. baumannii from respiratory specimens. Materials and Methods: A Taqman real time PCR based on the sequence of blaoxa-51 was designed and used for direct detection of A. baumannii from 361 respiratory specimens of patients with pneumonia. All specimens were checked by conventional bacteriology in parallel. Results: The new real time PCR could detect less than 200 cfu per m…
Study of the Pore Network of Dealuminated Faujasites by Water Vapor Adsorption
1991
Summary The adsorption and desorption isotherms of water vapor are drawn at 25°C for dealuminated HY zeolites upon framework Si/Al ratio. The isotherms are compared to that of the parent NaY zeolite. The isotherm changes in shape from the type I to the type IV with an hysteresis loop changing from the type H 4 to the type H 2 , as increases the Si/Al ratio. The POLANYI-DUBININ theory is used to determine the micropore volume accessible to water. It decreases with increasing Si/Al ratios, down to zero at a Si/Al ratio of 35. Such a result is accounted by the adsorption on the hydrophilic centers which are the cations (H + ) associated with the structural aluminium ions, each cation being coo…
Impact of hypertonic saline nebulisation combined with oscillatory positive expiratory pressure on sputum expectoration and related symptoms in cysti…
2018
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of combining nebulised hyaluronic acid plus hypertonic saline (HA + HS) with oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (oscillatory-PEP) on sputum expectoration and related symptoms in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Design Randomised crossover trial. Setting Seven centres. Participants Twenty-two outpatients with CF. Interventions Usual care (HA + HS followed by autogenic drainage) and combined therapy (HA + HS with oscillatory-PEP followed by autogenic drainage]. Each treatment was performed for 5 days. Main outcome measures Sputum expectoration was measured during the nebulisation period (primary outcome), during autogenic drainage and for 24 ho…
Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler provides effective asthma symptom control at a lower dose than fixed mai…
2004
Asthma guidelines suggest a stepwise approach to maintenance pharmacological treatment of persistent asthma until control is attained, and a 3 month review of the fixed maintenance dosing for step-up or step-down adjustment. This 12-week study compared the efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler (Symbicort Turbuhaler 160/4.5 or 80/4.5 microg) given as adjustable maintenance or fixed maintenance dosing. Patients (n = 2358) were randomised to budesonide/formoterol fixed maintenance dosing (two inhalations bid) or adjustable maintenance dosing (two inhalation bid; stepping up to four inhalations bid if asthma worsened for a maximum of 14 days; stepping down to two inha…
Handling forces for the use of different inhaler devices.
2019
Abstract Age and comorbidities can impact on the success of handling an inhaler. In this pilot study, we assessed finger strength in 62 participants (aged 5–17 years [n = 20], 18–65 years [n = 22] and > 65 years [n = 20]) by using different types of inhalers with integrated sensors (Respimat®, Breezhaler®, Aerolizer®, Genuair®, Diskus®, Ellipta®, HandiHaler®, Turbohaler® and a pressurized metered-dose inhaler [Atrovent®]). Parameters under investigation included the spontaneous and maximum achievable force and torque required to operate devices. Satisfaction with individual inhalers, and the relationship between satisfaction and strength, were also assessed. There was a marked difference in…
Mass Output and Particle Size Distribution of Glucocorticosteroids Emitted from Different Inhalation Devices Depending on Various Inspiratory Paramet…
2002
Efficient inhalation therapy depends on successful delivery of the drug to the lung. The efficacy of drug delivery is not only influenced by the characteristics of the inhalation device, but also by the patient's handling of the device and by the inspiratory maneuver achieved through the device. We analyzed the output characteristics of three different chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free breath-actuated inhalers for inhaled glucocorticosteroids (BUD Turbohaler, FP Diskus/Accuhaler and HFA-BDP Autohaler, respectively). Mass output and particle size distribution of drug aerosol delivered by the inhalers were determined depending on different inhalation parameters in vitro using an Andersen cascade …
Atmospheric water vapor content over land surfaces derived from the AVHRR data: application to the Iberian Peninsula
1999
A study has been carried out using simulated NOAA/advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data at 11 and 12 /spl mu/m (with LOWTRAN-7, MODTRAN 2.0, and the TIGR database), AVHRR images of the Iberian Peninsula and the Palma de Mallorca Island, radiosonde observations at seven meteorological stations, and the AVISO database provided by Meteo France to describe, compare, and analyze two different approaches for estimating the total atmospheric water vapor content (W) over land surfaces from AVHRR data. These two techniques are: 1) the split-window covariance-variance ratio (SWCVR), based on a quadratic relationship between W and the ratio of the spatial covariance and variance of bri…
Force control and powder dispersibility of spray dried particles for inhalation
2009
This study aims towards a deeper understanding of the correlation between particle morphology, cohesion forces, and aerosol performance of spray dried powders for inhalation. Therefore, forces affecting cohesion and dispersion are consid- ered and some novel contact models are introduced to explain the improved powder dispersibility of corrugated particles. Particles with different degrees of corrugation are prepared by spray drying and characterized. Powder dispersibility is measured by positioning a dry powder inhaler in front of the laser diffraction device. The particle sizes of all powders are in the range of x50 ¼ 2.11 � 0.15 mm. The ratio of mass specific surface area Sm to volume sp…
Aerosol optical characteristics from a summer campaign in an urban coastal Mediterranean area
2001
The authors present a preliminary study of some optical properties of atmospheric aerosols over the area of Valencia, Spain, a coastal Mediterranean city. Measurements of spectral direct irradiance in the 300-1100 nm range were taken simultaneously at three sites: rural-continental, rural-coastal, and urban-coastal, all located within a 50 km radius of the city of Valencia. The irradiance measurements were obtained using three Li-cor 1800 spectroradiometers provided with radiance limiting tubes with field of views (FOVs) of 4.7/spl deg/. The measurements were made under clear sky conditions during a field campaign carried out in the summer of 1998. In order to avoid the uncertainties associ…