Search results for " Variability"
showing 10 items of 853 documents
NEW METHODS DEEPENING UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS' EXPERIENCES AND THEIR RELATION TO PHYSIOLOGICAL ALERTNESS VARIATIONS DURING LEARNING
2019
In this study we explored whether physiological measurement technologies could be used in a combination with traditional educational research methods to investigate learning experiences. We aimed, first, to explore individual physiological reactions during learning and how these reactions relate to experiences, emotions and contexts of learning and, second, to test new methodology and its suitability for investigating learning. The data was collected during a teacher education programme in a Finnish university. A total of 14 students participated in the study. The data was collected during two contact periods of three days and the weekends after them, ten days in total. We used a mixed meth…
METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN ADULT LEARNING RESEARCH. COMBINING PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS AND LEARNING EXPERIENCES IN SIMULATION-BASED LEARNING ENVIRONME…
2020
We aim to clarify whether physiological measurement technologies can be used in combination with traditional educational research methods to investigate learning experience. We developed an interdisciplinary research design for multilevel investigation of adult learning experience. We collected data in aviation simulations and forestry simulations, to show both similarities and differences between different learning situations. Both settings utilize high quality virtual simulations allowing learning to occur in near authentic situations. The learning situations were structured pedagogically in a similar way. They involve learner-instructor interaction in a one-on-one setting and follow a tr…
Within-students variability in learning experiences, and teachers' perceptions of students' task-focus
2016
In order to advance our understanding of educational processes, we present a tutorial of intraindividual variability. An adaptive educational process is characterised by stable (less variability), and a maladaptive process is characterised by instable (more variability) learning experiences from one learning situation to the next. We outline step by step how we specify a multilevel structural equation model of state, trait and individual differences in intraindividual variability constructs, which can be appropriately fitted to intraindividual data (e.g., time-points nested in persons, intensive longitudinal data). In total 285 primary school students’ (Years 5 and 6) completed the Learning…
Pairwise and higher-order measures of brain-heart interactions in children with temporal lobe epilepsy
2022
Abstract Objective. While it is well-known that epilepsy has a clear impact on the activity of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), its role on the complex interplay between CNS and ANS has not been fully elucidated yet. In this work, pairwise and higher-order predictability measures based on the concepts of Granger Causality (GC) and partial information decomposition (PID) were applied on time series of electroencephalographic (EEG) brain wave amplitude and heart rate variability (HRV) in order to investigate directed brain-heart interactions associated with the occurrence of focal epilepsy. Approach. HRV and the envelopes of δ and α EEG activity re…
Compensated transfer entropy as a tool for reliably estimating information transfer in physiological time series
2013
We present a framework for the estimation of transfer entropy (TE) under the conditions typical of physiological system analysis, featuring short multivariate time series and the presence of instantaneous causality (IC). The framework is based on recognizing that TE can be interpreted as the difference between two conditional entropy (CE) terms, and builds on an efficient CE estimator that compensates for the bias occurring for high dimensional conditioning vectors and follows a sequential embedding procedure whereby the conditioning vectors are formed progressively according to a criterion for CE minimization. The issue of IC is faced accounting for zero-lag interactions according to two a…
Individual differences in behavioral consistency are related to sequential access to resources and body condition in a producer-scrounger game
2014
Investigating the evolution of consistent between-individual behavioral differences necessitates to explain the emergence of within-individual consistency. Relying on a recent mathematical model, we here test the prediction that the emergence of differences in within-individual consistency is related to the sequential access to resources in a frequency-dependent foraging game. To this end we used flocks of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) engaged in a producer-scrounger foraging game. Tactic investment (i.e., the proportion of hops with the head down) significantly predicted successful tactic use (i.e., the proportion of seeds produced). In support of predictions, we found that individua…
Association between genetic variations in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (Igf-1) signaling pathway and longevity: a systematic review and met…
2013
Some studies have shown that polymorphisms in the insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway genes could influence human longevity. However, the results of different studies are often inconsistent. Our aim was to investigate by systematic review and meta-analysis the association of the common polymorphisms defining the genetic variability of the IGF-1 signaling pathway associated with human longevity. Eleven studies investigating the association between the polymorphisms in the IGF-1 signaling pathway genes (IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), Forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) and Silent mating type Information Regulation 1 (SIRT1) and longevity were found and analyzed. The modelfree approach wa…
Data from: Reciprocal interaction matrix reveals complex genetic and dose-dependent specificity among coinfecting parasites
2012
Understanding genetic specificity in factors determining the outcome of host-parasite interactions is especially important as it contributes to parasite epidemiology, virulence, and maintenance of genetic variation. Such specificity, however, is still generally poorly understood. We examined genetic specificity in interactions among coinfecting parasites. In natural populations, individual hosts are often simultaneously infected by multiple parasite species and genotypes that interact. Such interactions could maintain genetic variation in parasite populations if they are genetically specific so that the relative fitness of parasite genotypes varies across host individuals depending on (1) t…
Information-theoretic assessment of cardiovascular-brain networks during sleep
2015
This study was aimed at detecting the structure of the physiological network underlying the regulation of the cardiovascular and brain systems during normal sleep. To this end, we measured from the polysomnographic recordings of 10 healthy subjects the normalized spectral power of heart rate variability in the high frequency band (HF) and the EEG power in the δ, θ, α, σ, and β bands. Then, the causal statistical dependencies within and between these six time series were assessed in terms of internal information (conditional self entropy, CSE) and information transfer (transfer entropy, TE) computed via a linear method exploiting multiple regression models and a nonlinear method combining ne…
Effects of physical provocations on heart rate reactivity and reactive aggression in children
2006
This article presents complementary data on the relationship between the intensity of offensive and defensive aggression that was investigated by means of the computerised Pulkkinen Aggression Machine (PAM) paradigm [Juujarvi et al., 2001; Aggr Behav 27:430-445]. The recording of the electrocardiogram was conducted in a sample of 109 children (61 boys and 48 girls) while they completed the PAM. Across the conditions of controlled aggression, the simulated attack and defence evoked a mean increase of HR by 2.7 beats per minute (bpm), but the variation between children was substantial (-10.9 to +11.4 bpm). Children who showed a strong HR increase, moderate HR increase, or HR decrease were com…