Search results for " Ventilation"

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with atopic rhinitis: a 7-year follow-up

2004

Background:  A high prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was found in atopic subjects with rhinitis. Those subjects may be at higher risk for developing bronchial asthma. We evaluated, in a 7-year follow-up, BHR and atopy in a homogeneous population of nonasthmatic children with allergic rhinitis (AR), and their role in asthma development. Methods:  Twenty-eight children (6–15 years) with AR were studied. At enrollment (T0), skin tests, total serum IgE assay, peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring and methacholine (Mch) bronchial challenge were performed. BHR was computed as the Mch dose causing a 20% forced expiratory volume (FEV)1 fall (PD20FEV1) and as dose–response slope (DR…

Non-invasive ventilation effectiveness and the effect of ventilatory mode on survival in ALS patients.

2013

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but there are no data with which to compare the effectiveness of the different ventilator modes – volume (Vol-NIV) or pressure-cycled (Pres-NIV) ventilation – in ALS. We aimed to determine whether the ventilatory mode has an effect on ventilation effectiveness and survival of ALS patients using NIV. We used a retrospective study that included all ALS patients for whom NIV was indicated in two referral units: one using Vol-NIV and the other using Pres-NIV. Demographic, functional and nocturnal gas exchange parameters at NIV initiation were recorded. Eighty-two ALS patients ventilated using Pres-NIV and 6…

Impact of obesity on adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair using MitraClip® procedure - R…

2019

Background and aim: The number of percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral regurgitation (MR) valve repairs with MitraClip® implantations increased exponentially in recent years. Studies have suggested an obesity survival paradox in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the influence of obesity on adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with MitraClip® implantation. Methods and results: We analyzed data on characteristics of patients and in-hospital outcomes for all percutaneous mitral valve repairs using the edge-to-edge MitraClip®-technique in Germany 2011–2015 stratified for obesity vs. normal-weight/over-weight. The nationwide inpatient sample comprised 13,563 inpatients under…

Nasal airway, lip competence, and craniofacial morphology

1993

The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate whether children selected by their open lip posture show differences in their nasal airway resistance and facial morphology compared to children with closed lip closure. Thirty-two children with poor lip competence were compared to a control group of 20 with secure mouth closure. Patients with poor lip competence showed a significantly higher ML-NSL angle and also ML-NL angle. Anterior rhinomanometry, as well as measurements of the pharyngeal space on lateral headfilms, displayed no significant differences between the two groups. The same material was also grouped cephalometrically into skeletal open and skeletal deep bite configuratio…

High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized…

2020

Abstract Background The efficacy and safety of high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in patients with acute hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the short-term effect of HFNT versus NIV in patients with mild-to-moderate AECOPD, with the hypothesis that HFNT is non-inferior to NIV on CO2 clearance after 2 h of treatment. Methods We performed a multicenter, non-inferiority randomized trial comparing HFNT and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in nine centers in Italy. Patients were eligible if presented with mild-to-moderate AECOPD (arterial pH 7.25–7.35, PaCO2 ≥ 55 mmHg before ventilator support). Primary endpoint was the mean di…

Regional anticoagulation with heparin of an extracorporeal CO2 removal circuit: a case report

2019

Abstract Background Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is an increasingly used respiratory support technique. As is true of all extracorporeal techniques, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal needs proper anticoagulation. We report a case of a patient at risk of bleeding complications who was treated with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal and anticoagulated with a regional technique. Case presentation A 56-year-old Caucasian man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation required extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for severe hypercapnia and acidosis despite mechanical ventilation. The extracorporeal circuit was anticoagulated using a regional heparin tec…

Senza titolo

2016

Protective intraoperative ventilation with higher versus lower levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in obese patients (PROBESE): study protocol…

2017

Background Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase the morbidity and mortality of surgery in obese patients. High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with lung recruitment maneuvers may improve intraoperative respiratory function, but they can also compromise hemodynamics, and the effects on PPCs are uncertain. We hypothesized that intraoperative mechanical ventilation using high PEEP with periodic recruitment maneuvers, as compared with low PEEP without recruitment maneuvers, prevents PPCs in obese patients. Methods/design The PRotective Ventilation with Higher versus Lower PEEP during General Anesthesia for Surgery in OBESE Patients (PROBESE) study is a multice…

Does general anesthesia have a clinical impact on intraocular pressure in children?

2016

Summary Background Reliable measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial in pediatric patients with suspected glaucoma. General anesthesia (GA) is usually needed in infants to allow a thorough examination. However, anesthesia itself may influence IOP, depending on the type used and the depth of sedation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal distribution of IOP during GA in healthy children and to analyze differences in IOP relative to the anesthetics used and the measurement time point. Methods Approval for this observational study was received from the local institutional review boards and written informed consent was obtained from the children's parents. A total of…

A model of stepwise isovolaemic blood exchange in anaesthetised, spontaneously breathing rats to evaluate the oxygen transport efficiency of artifici…

2000

Our research pursues the production of hypo-oncotic artificial oxygen carriers, based on artificial covalently cross-linked hyperpolymeric mammalian haemoglobins. To evaluate their in vivo efficiency in oxygen delivery to the tissue we developed a small animal model of stepwise isovolaemic blood exchange in anaesthetised, spontaneously breathing rats. With the aid of a two-way respiratory micro valve for small animals the overall oxygen uptake by the tissue of the animal can be determined. Measurements of oxygen contents in arterial and mixed venous blood and of some further blood parameters together with known oxygen-binding characteristics of artificial and native oxygen carriers, permits…