Search results for " Ventilation"
showing 10 items of 372 documents
Vernacular and bioclimatic architecture and indoor thermal comfort implications in hot-humid climates: An overview
2018
Abstract Sustainable urban development, especially in disadvantaged regions, has increasingly gained a major strategic priority. New settlements and urban regeneration programs have to achieve an improvement of social life quality, promote economic growth and increase environmental protection practices and proper use of local resources. In this framework, building environment development must exploit natural resources with responsible approach by using local materials and traditional techniques. In this end, indoor comfort and energy consumption have to match the territories needs. Low energy and passive heating/cooling techniques should be considered as a valid option in many building proj…
Potential of Natural Ventilation and Vegetation for Achieving Low-Energy Tall Buildings in Tropical Climate: An Overview
2019
Climate change and rise in urban temperatures have further increased the cooling load demands for tall buildings located in hot climatic regions. Cooling loads in tall buildings can be reduced by integrating them with natural ventilation (NV) and building integrated vegetation (BIV) techniques. This study explores the potential of NV and BIV for obtaining low-energy buildings by analyzing ten tall buildings as case studies. Buildings are analyzed for NV, BIV, architecture design parameters, and energy savings. The results show that mixed-mode ventilation is the most commonly employed, and circular building plans have the highest potential for energy savings. Furthermore, the combination of …
Measurement of gas transport kinetics in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) of the lung using hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging
2010
PURPOSE: To protect the patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome from ventilator associated lung injury (VALI) high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is used. Clinical experience has proven that HFOV is an efficient therapy when conventional artificial ventilation is insufficient. However, the optimal settings of HFOV parameters, eg, tidal volumes, pressure amplitudes and frequency for maximal lung protection, and efficient gas exchange are not established unambiguously. METHODS: In this work magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (3)He was employed to visualize the redistribution of gas within the cadaver pig lung during HFOV. The saturated slice method was use…
Artificial ventilation for basic life support leads to hyperventilation in first aid providers.
2003
The 'Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - International Consensus on Science' recommend an artificial ventilation volume of 10 ml/kg bodyweight (equivalent to a tidal volume of 700-1000 ml) without the use of supplemental oxygen in adults with respiratory arrest. For first aid providers using the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose-ventilation technique, respectively, a ventilation volume of approximately 9.6 l/min results. Additionally, a deep breath is recommended before each ventilation to increase the end-expiratory oxygen concentration of the air exhaled by the first aid provider. To investigate the effects of these recommendations in health…
The AVL-mode: a safe closed loop algorithm for ventilation during total intravenous anesthesia.
1994
The Adaptive Lung Ventilation Controller (ALV-Controller) represents a new approach to closed loop control of ventilation. It is based on a pressure controlled ventilation mode. Adaptive lung ventilation signifies automatic breath by breath adaptation of breathing patterns to the lung mechanics of an individual patient. The specific goals are to minimize work of breathing, to maintain a preset alveolar ventilation and to prevent the occurrence of intrinsic PEEP. We ventilated 5 patients undergoing major abdominal procedures using ALV. ALV was tolerated well in all patients. Alveolar ventilation was preset between 5500 and 6500 ml/min. Serial dead space (Vds) and respiratory time constant (r…
Successful treatment of a patient with ARDS after pneumonectomy using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.
1999
High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was used in a patient who developed the acute respiratory distress syndrome 5 days following a right pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. When conventional pressure-controlled ventilation failed to maintain adequate oxygenation, HFOV dramatically improved oxygenation within the first few hours of therapy. Pulmonary function and gas exchange recovered during a 10-day period of HFOV. No negative side effects were observed. Early use of HFOV may be a beneficial ventilation strategy for adults with acute pulmonary failure, even in the postoperative period after lung resection.
Infantile intranuclear rod myopathy.
1997
This report concerns three unrelated floppy infants, two girls and one boy, each biopsied at the age of 1 month. They were hypotonic since birth and required artificial ventilation. The two girls died at the ages of 4 and 3½ months, respectively, the boy is still alive at the age of 2 years, but requires assisted ventilation. Each of the three infants showed, by muscle biopsy, abundant intranuclear rods, the boy and one girl also had sarcoplasmic rods, which were not present in the other girl's muscle. Absence of sarcoplasmic rods, but the presence of intranuclear rods could also be documented in her autopsied muscle. Using an antibody against α-actinin, immunoelectron microscopy showed re…
Non-invasive management of an acute chest infection for a patient with ALS.
2003
We describe a man diagnosed with non-bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who uses 24-h non-invasive ventilator at home, and assisted cough through the use of the mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MAC) device (CoughAssist, J.H. Emerson). This was essential for the removal of bronchial secretions in order to provide successful non-invasive management (and indeed less suffering for the patient) during an acute respiratory tract infection with hypoxemia and failure of manually assisted cough.
Dynamic computed tomography: a novel technique to study lung aeration and atelectasis formation during experimental CPR
2002
Objective: To develop an image based technique to study the effect of different ventilatory strategies on lung ventilation and alveolar recruitment during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Design: (1) Technical development of the following components: (a) construction of an external chest compression device, which does not interfere with CT imaging, and (b) development of a software tool to detect lung parenchyma automatically and to calculate radiological density parameters. (2) Feasibility studies: three strategies of CPR ventilation were performed and imaged in one animal each (pigs, 25 kg): volume-constant ventilation (VCV), no ventilation, or continuous airway pressure (CPAP). One m…
Outcome and attitudes toward home tracheostomy ventilation of consecutive patients: a 10-year experience.
2008
Summary Objectives To describe survival, predictors of long-term outcome and attitudes in patients treated at home by tracheostomy-intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (TIPPV) for respiratory failure during a 10-year period (1995–2004). Methods Seventy-seven consecutive patients were treated by TIPPV at home. Patients were divided into three groups: neuromuscular, pulmonary, and non-pulmonary patients. Effects of TIPPV on survival, factors influencing outcome after TIPPV, and attitudes of patients and caregivers regarding mechanical ventilation were studied. Results Forty-one patients (53%) were neuromuscular, 19 (25%) were affected by pulmonary diseases, and 17 (22%) by non-pulmonary…